Believe and Destroy

Christian Ingrao is the director of the Institut de l'histoire du temps présent. A specialist in Nazism and war studies, he also teaches at Sciences-Po. His previous work, Les Chasseurs noirs, was an international success. Christian Ingrao is the director of the Institut de l'histoire du temps présent. A specialist in Nazism and war studies, he also teaches at Sciences-Po. His previous work, Les Chasseurs noirs, was an international success.Christian Ingrao is the director of the Institut de l'histoire du temps présent. A specialist in Nazism and war studies, he also teaches at Sciences-Po. His previous work, Les Chasseurs noirs, was an international success.

There were eighty of them. They were young, clever and cultivated; they were barely in their thirties when Adolf Hitler came to power. Their university studies in law, economics, linguistics, philosophy and history marked them out for brilliant careers. They chose to join the repressive bodies of the Third Reich, especially the Security Service (SD) and the Nazi Party's elite protection unit, the SS. They theorized and planned the extermination of twenty million individuals of allegedly 'inferior' races. Most of them became members of the paramilitary death squads known as Einsatzgruppen and participated in the slaughter of over a million people.
Based on extensive archival research, Christian Ingrao tells the gripping story of these children of the Great War, focusing on the networks of fellow activists, academics and friends in which they moved, studying the way in which they envisaged war and the 'world of enemies' which, in their view, threatened them. The mechanisms of their political commitment are revealed, and their roles in Nazism and mass murder. Thanks to this pioneering study, we can now understand how these men came to believe what they did, and how these beliefs became so destructive.
The history of Nazism, shows Ingrao, is also a history of beliefs in which a powerful military machine was interwoven with personal experiences, fervour, anguish, utopia and cruelty.

There were eighty of them. They were young, clever and cultivated; they were barely in their thirties when Adolf Hitler came to power. Their university studies in law, economics, linguistics, philosophy and history marked them out for brilliant careers.

Foreword
Acknowledgments
Glossary
 
PART ONE: The young men of Germany
 
Chapter 1: A 'world of enemies' (I)
The outbreak of war
The silence of the Akademiker
The 'time of troubles': an experience of war?
 
Chapter 2: Constructing networks
Places to study
Places of association
Networks of solidarity
 
Chapter 3: Activist intellectuals
The construction of academic knowledge
Knowledge and activism (1919-1933)
'Combative science' and SS intellectuals in the Third Reich
The shadow of the Great War
 
PART TWO: Joining the Nazis: a commitment
 
Chapter 4: Being a Nazi
The foundations of the doctrine
The origins of Nazi fervour: planning a sociobiological
re-establishment
The appropriation of a system of beliefs
 
Chapter 5: Entering the SD
Whether to enter the Party or not?
Towards the SD: Nazi careers
Recruitment: a social mechanism of enlistenment
 
Chapter 6: From struggle to control
From the 'Security Department of the SS' (SD) to
the 'Reich Security Main Office' (RSHA)
A 'world of enemies' (II)
Control
 
PART THREE : Nazism and violence: the culmination 1939-1945
 
Chapter 7: Thinking the east, between utopia and anxiety
The curse of Germanic isolation
The Nazi project for a sociobiological re-establishment
Redevelop and settle: forms of Nazi fervour
 
Chapter 8: Arguing for war: Nazi rhetoric
From the reparative war to the 'Great Racial War'
From the discourse of security to the discourse of genocide
Expressing violence: defensive rhetorics, utopian rhetorics
 
Chapter 9: Violence in action
The experience of violence
Demonstrative violence, violence of eradication
A transgressive violence
Violence as rite of initiation
 
Chapter 10: SS intellectuals confronting defeat
Defeat rendered unreal
Finis Germaniae. The return of the old anxiety
The denouement
 
Chapter 11: SS intellectuals on trial
Strategies of negation
Strategies of evasion
Strategies of justification: the Ohlendorf case
 
Conclusion: Memory of war, activism and genocide
 
Notes
Sources and bibliography
A piece of research and its context
A specific conceptual framework
List of archival collections consulted
Printed sources
Bibliography
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Glossary
PART ONE: The young men of Germany
Chapter 1: A 'world of enemies' (I)
The outbreak of war
The silence of the Akademiker
The 'time of troubles': an experience of war?
Chapter 2: Constructing networks
Places to study
Places of association
Networks of solidarity
Chapter 3: Activist intellectuals
The construction of academic knowledge
Knowledge and activism (1919-1933)
'Combative science' and SS intellectuals in the Third Reich
The shadow of the Great War
PART TWO: Joining the Nazis: a commitment
Chapter 4: Being a Nazi
The foundations of the doctrine
The origins of Nazi fervour: planning a sociobiological
re-establishment
The appropriation of a system of beliefs
Chapter 5: Entering the SD
Whether to enter the Party or not?
Towards the SD: Nazi careers
Recruitment: a social mechanism of enlistenment
Chapter 6: From struggle to control
From the 'Security Department of the SS' (SD) to
the 'Reich Security Main Office' (RSHA)
A 'world of enemies' (II)
Control
PART THREE : Nazism and violence: the culmination 1939-1945
Chapter 7: Thinking the east, between utopia and anxiety
The curse of Germanic isolation
The Nazi project for a sociobiological re-establishment
Redevelop and settle: forms of Nazi fervour
Chapter 8: Arguing for war: Nazi rhetoric
From the reparative war to the 'Great Racial War'
From the discourse of security to the discourse of genocide
Expressing violence: defensiv