Africans in Global Migration

Dr. John A. Arthur is professor of sociology and criminology at the University of Minnesota, Duluth campus. He received his Ph.D. from Penn State University. His research interests include international migration, the African diaspora, race and ethnic relations, and minorities and the criminal justice system. Dr. Joseph Takougang is professor of African history in the department of Africana Studies at the University of Cincinnati in Cincinnati, Ohio. His interests include colonial and post-colonial Africa, with a focus on Cameroon nationalism and post-colonial political developments in Cameroon. A secondary research area focuses on the African Diaspora in the United States. Dr Thomas Owusu is associate professor and chair of the Department of Geography and Urban Studies, William Paterson University of New Jersey. His research interests include the changing social geography of North American cities, immigrants and North America cities, dynamics of urban economic and demographic change, and comparative urban development and policy.

Four overarching themes underscore the essays in this book. These are the creation of African diaspora community and institutional structures; the structured and shared relationships among African immigrants, host, and homeland societies; the construction

Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Searching for Promised Lands: Conceptualization of the African Diaspora in Migration John A. Arthur, Joseph Takougang and Thomas Owusu Chapter 2: The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Canada Thomas Owusu Chapter 3: Identity Formation and Integration Among Bicultural Immigrant Blacks Msia Kibona Clark Chapter 4: Identity Politics of Ghanaian Immigrants in the Greater Cincinnati Area: Emerging Geography and Sociology of Immigrant Experiences Ian E. A. Yeboah Chapter 5: Reconciling Multiple Black Identities: The Case of 1.5 and 2.0 Nigerian Immigrants Janet T. Awokoya Chapter 6: Making In-Roads: African Immigrants and Business Opportunities in the United States Joseph Takougang and Bassirou Tidjani Chapter 7: Geography of Globalized Nursing Markets: Zimbabwean Migrant Nurse Trajectory and Work Experiences in the United Kingdom Ian E. A. Yeboah and Tatenda T. Mambo Chapter 8: Relationships Among Blacks in the Diaspora: African and Caribbean Immigrants and American-Born Blacks Nemata Blyden Chapter 9: Conceptualizing the Attitudes of African Americans Towards United States Immigration Policies John A. Arthur Chapter 10: African Immigrant Relationships With Homeland Countries Mojubaolu Olufunke Okome Chapter 11: African Women in the New Diaspora: Transnationalism and the (Re)Creation of Home Mary Johnson Osirim Chapter 12: Border Questions in African Diaspora Literature Hilary Chala Kowino Chapter 13: Modeling the Determinants of Voluntary Reverse Migration Flows and Repatriations of African Immigrants John A. Arthur Chapter 14: Africans in Global Migration: Still Searching for Promised Lands John A. Arthur and Thomas Owusu