Pharaoh: art and power in ancient Egypt

Lead author and editor: Marie Vandenbeusch is Curator in the department of Egypt and Sudan, at the British Museum. Contributors Julie Anderson, Curator: Sudan and Nubia, British Museum, London Andrew Connor, Lecturer in Ancient History, Centre for Ancient Cultures, Monash University, Melbourne Amanda Dunsmore, Senior Curator, International Decorative Arts and Antiquities, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne Ikram Ghabriel, Independent Researcher, London Thomas Kiely, A.G. Leventis Curator for Ancient Cyprus, British Museum, London Giuseppina Lenzo, Lecturer, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Margaret Maitland, Principal Curator, Ancient Mediterranean, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh Marcel Marée, Curator, Egypt and Sudan, British Museum, London Aurélia Masson-Berghoff, Curator, Greece and Rome, British Museum, London Youssef Rakha, novelist, poet and essayist, Cairo Sahar Saleem, Professor of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo Chiara Salvador, Honorary member, University Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier Neal Spencer, Deputy Director (Collections and Research), Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge Anna Stevens, Lecturer in Archaeology and Ancient History, Centre for Ancient Cultures, Monash University, Melbourne John Taylor, previously Curator, Egypt and Sudan, British Museum, London

Explores the ideals, symbolism and ideology of Egyptian kingship and uncovers the stories behind the objects and images left as a legacy by this ancient civilisation. The rulers of ancient Egypt were not always male, nor always Egyptian. At times, Egypt was divided by civil war, conquered by foreign powers or ruled by competing kings. While some kings were revered - such as Thutmose III who expanded Egypt's empire to its largest extent - the memory of others was officially erased. Many of the objects surviving from ancient Egypt project the image the pharaoh wanted us to see - however this book explores the reality and the many challenges of ruling one of the greatest civilisations the world has ever seen. After an introduction into the historic and geographic timeframe of the ancient Pharaohs, the book explores royal iconography, decoding the insignia worn and held by the king, or the names and titles covering most royal monuments. The core of the book investigates the main roles of the king, as high priest, as the head of the royal family, as the administrative ruler of the country and as the leader of the army and diplomat. Following an investigation into the preparation for the king's eternal life, from the rituals to the building of a tomb, the book closes on a contemporary perspective from Egypt and how the notion of the Pharaoh still resonates today. The book covers 3,000 years of history - highlighting research on key pieces from the British Museum's outstanding collection of Egyptian antiquities.

Forewords Chronology Introduction - The time of the Pharaohs (Marie Vandenbeusch) In focus: The British Museum collection (Marie Vandenbeusch) 1. Pharaoh and gods in myths (Margaret Maitland) In focus: Maat and the cosmic balance (Ikram Ghabriel) Symbols of power (Marcel Marée) In focus: Female Pharaohs (Chiara Salvador) 2. Pharaoh as High Priest (Marie Vandenbeusch) In focus: Statues of the lion goddess Sekhmet (Marcel Marée) In focus: Statue caches (Neal Spencer) 3. The royal family: queens, princes and princesses (Amanda Dunsmore) In focus: Royal palaces (Anna Stevens) In focus: Women in power - the Divine Adoratrices (Giuseppina Lenzo) 4. Ruling Egypt (Marie Vandenbeusch) In focus: People, the example of Deir el-Medina (Amanda Dunsmore) In focus: The mastaba of Urirenptah (Marie Vandenbeusch) Ancient Egyptian jewellery (Aurélia Masson-Berghoff) 5. Egypt and the world (Marie Vandenbeusch) In focus: Foreign pharaohs (Andrew Connor) The world and Egypt (Julie Anderson and Thomas Kiely) In focus: The Levant and beyond (Marie Vandenbeusch) 6. An eternal life (Marie Vandenbeusch) In focus: Royal mummification (Sahar Saleem) The posthumous life of kings (John Taylor) Inheriting roles (Youssef Rakha) Notes and selected reading Acknowledgements, picture credits, index