Power Generation, Operation and Control

ALLEN J. WOOD joined Power Technologies, Inc., in 1969 as a Principal Engineer and Director. He was a Life Fellow of IEEE and served as an adjunct professor in the Electric Power Engineering graduate program at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Wood passed away in 2011.
 
BRUCE F. WOLLENBERG joined the University of Minnesota in 1989 and made original contributions to the understanding of electric power market structures. He is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
 
GERALD B. SHEBLÉ joined Auburn University in 1990 to conduct research in power system, space power, and electric auction market research. He joined Iowa State University to conduct research in the interaction of markets and power system operation. His academic research has continued to center on the action of the markets based on the physical operation of the power system. He is a Fellow of the IEEE.

A thoroughly revised new edition of the definitive work on power systems best practices
 
In this eagerly awaited new edition, Power Generation, Operation, and Control continues to provide engineers and academics with a complete picture of the techniques used in modern power system operation. Long recognized as the standard reference in the field, the book has been thoroughly updated to reflect the enormous changes that have taken place in the electric power industry since the Second Edition was published seventeen years ago.
 
With an emphasis on both the engineering and economic aspects of energy management, the Third Edition introduces central "terminal" characteristics for thermal and hydroelectric power generation systems, along with new optimization techniques for tackling real-world operating problems. Readers will find a range of algorithms and methods for performing integrated economic, network, and generating system analysis, as well as modern methods for power system analysis, operation, and control. Special features include:
* State-of-the-art topics such as market simulation, multiple market analysis, contract and market bidding, and other business topics
* Chapters on generation with limited energy supply, power flow control, power system security, and more
* An introduction to regulatory issues, renewable energy, and other evolving topics
* New worked examples and end-of-chapter problems
* A companion website with additional materials, including MATLAB programs and power system sample data sets

Preface to the Third Edition xvii
 
Preface to the Second Edition xix
 
Preface to the First Edition xxi
 
Acknowledgment xxiii
 
1 Introduction 1
 
1.1 Purpose of the Course / 1
 
1.2 Course Scope / 2
 
1.3 Economic Importance / 2
 
1.4 Deregulation: Vertical to Horizontal / 3
 
1.5 Problems: New and Old / 3
 
1.6 Characteristics of Steam Units / 6
 
1.7 Renewable Energy / 22
 
APPENDIX 1A Typical Generation Data / 26
 
APPENDIX 1B Fossil Fuel Prices / 28
 
APPENDIX 1C Unit Statistics / 29
 
References for Generation Systems / 31
 
Further Reading / 31
 
2 Industrial Organization, Managerial Economics, and Finance 35
 
2.1 Introduction / 35
 
2.2 Business Environments / 36
 
2.3 Theory of the Firm / 40
 
2.4 Competitive Market Solutions / 42
 
2.5 Supplier Solutions / 45
 
2.6 Cost of Electric Energy Production / 53
 
2.7 Evolving Markets / 54
 
2.8 Multiple Company Environments / 58
 
2.9 Uncertainty and Reliability / 61
 
PROBLEMS / 61
 
Reference / 62
 
3 Economic Dispatch of Thermal Units and Methods of Solution 63
 
3.1 The Economic Dispatch Problem / 63
 
3.2 Economic Dispatch with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions / 68
 
3.3 LP Method / 69
 
3.4 The Lambda Iteration Method / 73
 
3.5 Economic Dispatch Via Binary Search / 76
 
3.6 Economic Dispatch Using Dynamic Programming / 78
 
3.7 Composite Generation Production Cost Function / 81
 
3.8 Base Point and Participation Factors / 85
 
3.9 Thermal System Dispatching with Network Losses Considered / 88
 
3.10 The Concept of Locational Marginal Price (LMP) / 92
 
3.11 Auction Mechanisms / 95
 

APPENDIX 3A Optimization Within Constraints / 106
 
APPENDIX 3B Linear Programming (LP) / 117
 
APPENDIX 3C Non-Linear Programming / 128
 
APPENDIX 3D Dynamic Programming (DP) / 128
 
APPENDIX 3E Convex Optimization / 135
 
PROBLEMS / 138
 
References / 146
 
4 Unit Commitment 147
 
4.1 Introduction / 147
 
4.2 Unit Commitment Solution Methods / 155
 
4.3 Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) / 167
 
4.4 Daily Auctions Using a Unit Commitment / 167
 
APPENDIX 4A Dual Optimization on a Nonconvex Problem / 167
 
APPENDIX 4B Dynamic-Programming Solution to Unit Commitment / 173
 
4B.1 Introduction / 173
 
4B.2 Forward DP Approach / 174
 
PROBLEMS / 182
 
5 Generation with Limited Energy Supply 187
 
5.1 Introduction / 187
 
5.2 Fuel Scheduling / 188
 
5.3 Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Contract / 188
 
5.4 Complex Take-or-Pay Fuel Supply Models / 194
 
5.5 Fuel Scheduling by Linear Programming / 195
 
5.6 Introduction to Hydrothermal Coordination / 202
 
5.7 Hydroelectric Plant Models / 204
 
5.8 Scheduling Problems / 207
 
5.9 The Hydrothermal Scheduling Problem / 211
 
5.10 Hydro-Scheduling using Linear Programming / 222
 
APPENDIX 5A Dynamic-Programming Solution to hydrothermal Scheduling / 225
 
5.A.1 Dynamic Programming Example / 227
 
PROBLEMS / 234
 
6 Transmission System Effects 243
 
6.1 Introduction / 243
 
6.2 Conversion of Equipment Data to Bus and Branch Data / 247
 
6.3 Substation Bus Processing / 248
 
6.4 Equipment Modeling / 248
 
6.5 Dispatcher Power Flow for Operational Planning / 251
 
6.6 Conservation of Energy (Tellegen's T