Asymmetric Passive Components in Microwave Integrated Circuits

HEE-RAN AHN, PhD, is a member of the Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea. Dr. Ahn is internationally recognized as a leader and innovator in asymmetric passive components such as ring and branch-line hybrids, power dividers, phase shifters, attenuators, and impedance transformers (CVTs and CCTs).

This book examines the new and important technology of asymmetric passive components for miniaturized microwave passive circuits. The asymmetric design methods and ideas set forth by the author are groundbreaking and have not been treated in previous works. Readers discover how these design methods reduce the circuit size of microwave integrated circuits and are also critical to reducing the cost of equipment such as cellular phones, radars, antennas, automobiles, and robots.

Preface. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Asymmetric Passive Components. 1.2 Circuit Parameters. 1.3 Asymmetric Four-Port Hybrids. 1.4 Asymmetric Three-Port Power Dividers. 1.5 Asymmetric Two-Port Components. References. 2. Circuit Parameters. 2.1 Scattering Matrix. 2.2 Scattering Parameters of Reduced Multiports. 2.3 Two-Port Network Analysis Using Scattering Parameters. 2.4 Other Circuit Parameters. 2.5 Analyses of Symmetric Networks. 2.6 Analyses with Image Parameters. Exercises. References. 3. Conventional Ring Hybrids. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Original Concept of the 3-dB Ring Hybrid. 3.3 Conventional Ring Hybrids. 3.4 Conventional 3-dB Uniplanar Ring Hybrids. Exercises. References. 4. Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Derivation of Design Equations of Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.3 Small Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.4 Wideband or Small Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 4.5 Miniaturized Ring Hybrids Terminated in Arbitrary Impedances. Exercises. References. 5. Asymmetric Branch-Line Hybrids. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Origin of Branch-Line Hybrids. 5.3 Multisection Branch-Line Couplers. 5.4 Branch-Line Hybrids for Impedance Transforming. 5.5 Asymmetric Four-Port Hybrids. Exercises. References. 6. Conventional Three-Port Power Dividers. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers. 6.3 Three-Port Power Dividers with Arbitrary Power Divisions. 6.4 Symmetric Analyses of Asymmetric Three-Port Power Dividers. 6.5 Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers Terminated in Complex Frequency-Dependent Impedances. 6.6 Three-Port 45 Power Divider/Combiner. Exercises. References. 7. Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers Terminated in Different Impedances. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Perfect Isolation Condition. 7.3 Analyses. 7.4 Scattering Parameters of Three-Port Power Dividers. 7.5 Lumped-Element Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers. 7.6 Coplanar Three-Port 3-dB Power Dividers. Exercises. References. 8. General Design Equations for N-Way Arbitrary Power Dividers. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 General Design Equations for Three-Port Power Dividers. 8.3 General Design Equations for N-Way Power Dividers. Exercises. References. 9. Asymmetric Ring-Hybrid Phase Shifters and Attenuators. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Scattering Parameters of Asymmetric Ring Hybrids. 9.3 Asymmetric Ring-Hybrid Phase Shifters. 9.4 Asymmetric Ring-Hybrid Attenuator with Phase Shifts. Exercises. References. 10. Ring Filters and Their Use in a New Measurement Technique for Inherent Ring-Resonance Frequency. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Ring Filters. 10.3 New Measurement Technique for Inherent Ring-Resonance Frequency. 10.4 Conclusions. Exercises. References. 11. Small Impedance Transformers, CVTs and CCTs, and Their Applications to Small Power Dividers and Ring Filters. 11.1 Small Transmission-Line Impedance Transformers. 11.2 Mathematical Approach for CVTs and CCTs. 11.3 CVT3PDs and CCT3PDs. 11.4 Asymmetric Three-Port 45 Power Divider Terminated in Arbitrary Impedances. 11.5 CVT and CCT Ring Filters. 11.5.1 Analyses of Ring Filters. Exercises. References. Appendix A: Symbols and Abbreviations. Appendix B: Conversion Matrices. Appendix C: Derivation of the Elements of a Small Asymmetric Ring Hybrid. Appendix D: Trigonometric Relations. Appendix E: Hyperbolic Relations. Index.