Fiber-Optic Communication Systems

This book provides a comprehensive account of fiber-optic communication systems. The 3rd edition of this book is used worldwide as a textbook in many universities. This 4th edition incorporates recent advances that have occurred, in particular two new chapters. One deals with the advanced modulation formats (such as DPSK, QPSK, and QAM) that are increasingly being used for improving spectral efficiency of WDM lightwave systems. The second chapter focuses on new techniques such as all-optical regeneration that are under development and likely to be used in future communication systems. All other chapters are updated, as well.

This book provides a comprehensive account of fiber-opticcommunication systems. The 3rd edition of this book isused worldwide as a textbook in many universities. This 4thedition incorporates recent advances that have occurred, inparticular two new chapters. One deals with the advanced modulationformats (such as DPSK, QPSK, and QAM) that are increasingly beingused for improving spectral efficiency of WDM lightwave systems.The second chapter focuses on new techniques such asall-optical regeneration that are under development and likely tobe used in future communication systems. All otherchapters are updated, as well.

Preface xv1 Introduction 11.1 Historical Perspective 11.2 Basic Concepts 81.3 Optical Communication Systems 161.4 Lightwave System Components 17Problems 20References 212 Optical Fibers 242.1 Geometrical-Optics Description 242.2 Wave Propagation 292.3 Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers 382.4 Dispersion-Induced Limitations 462.5 Fiber Losses 552.6 Nonlinear Optical Effects 592.7 Fiber Design and Fabrication 67Problems 74References 753 Optical Transmitters 793.1 Semiconductor Laser Physics 793.2 Single-Mode Semiconductor Lasers 873.3 Laser Characteristics 943.4 Optical Signal Generation 1043.5 Light-Emitting Diodes 1103.6 Transmitter Design 115Problems 121References 1224 Optical Receivers 1284.1 Basic Concepts 1284.2 Common Photodetectors 1314.3 Receiver Design 1444.4 Receiver Noise 1484.5 Coherent Detection 1584.6 Receiver Sensitivity 1614.7 Sensitivity Degradation 1674.8 Receiver Performance 173Problems 175References 1775 Lightwave Systems 1825.1 System Architectures 1825.2 Design Guidelines 1875.3 Long-Haul Systems 1945.4 Sources of Power Penalty 2005.5 Forward Error Correction 2125.6 Computer-Aided Design 214Problems 216References 2186 Multichannel Systems 2236.1 WDM Lightwave Systems 2236.2 WDM Components 2326.3 System Performance Issues 2516.4 Time-Division Multiplexing 2646.5 Subcarrier Multiplexing 2696.6 Code-Division Multiplexing 277Problems 283References 2857 Loss Management 2957.1 Compensation of Fiber Losses 2957.2 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers 3007.3 Raman Amplifiers 3107.4 Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratio 3187.5 Electrical Signal-To-Noise Ratio 3217.6 Receiver Sensitivity and Q Factor 3257.7 Role of Dispersive and Nonlinear Effects 3287.8 Periodically Amplified Lightwave Systems 334Problems 339References 3408 Dispersion Management 3458.1 Dispersion Problem and Its Solution 3458.2 Dispersion-Compensating Fibers 3478.3 Fiber Bragg Gratings 3548.4 Dispersion-Equalizing Filters 3638.5 Optical Phase Conjugation 3698.6 Channels at High Bit Rates 3758.7 Electronic Dispersion Compensation 385Problems 397References 3999 Control of Nonlinear Effects 4079.1 Impact of Fiber Nonlinearity 4079.2 Solitons in Optical Fibers 4169.3 Dispersion-Managed Solitons 4239.4 Pseudo-linear Lightwave Systems 4349.5 Control of Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects 444Problems 451References 45310 Advanced Lightwave Systems 45910.1 Advanced Modulation Formats 46010.2 Demodulation Schemes 46410.3 Shot Noise and Bit-Error Rate 47010.4 Sensitivity Degradation Mechanisms 47610.5 Impact of Nonlinear Effects 48510.6 Recent Progress 49410.7 Ultimate Channel Capacity 501Problems 503References 50411 Optical Signal Processing 51111.1 Nonlinear Techniques and Devices 51111.2 All-Optical Flip-Flops 52911.3 Wavelength Converters 53311.4 Ultrafast Optical Switching 54411.5 Optical Regenerators 553Problems 568References 569A System of Units 578B Acronyms 580C General Formula for Pulse Broadening 584D Software Package 587Index 589