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Nondestructive Testing of Deep Foundations
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Artikel-Nr:
9780470848500
Veröffentl:
2006
Erscheinungsdatum:
18.08.2006
Seiten:
296
Autor:
Bernard H Hertlein
Gewicht:
579 g
Format:
235x157x20 mm
Sprache:
Englisch
Beschreibung:
BERNARD H. HERTLEIN, M.ASCE
Bernard Hertlein started his professional career as a mechanical engineering student but soon realized that he had a natural affinity for electronics. After working professionally with automotive electronic systems and pursuing audio engineering as a hobby for several years, he migrated through audio engineering to instrumentation of civil engineering structures and finally to nondestructive testing. After joining Testconsult, the English subsidiary of the French National Center for Building and Civil Engineering Research (CEBTP), Mr Hertlein became deeply involved with the development of both the software and the hardware for several nondestructive test techniques for deep foundations that are now in common use worldwide. He worked on construction testing projects throughout Europe, HongKong, parts of North Africa and the United States, eventually settling in the United States, where he and Allen Davis introduced the Cross-hole Sonic-Logging technique, the Parallel-Seismic test and the Impulse-Response (Sonic-Mobility) test in the mid 1980s.
In 1992, Mr Hertlein joined STS Consultants, based inVernon Hills, Illinois, where he has continued to design and build test equipment and research new applications for the test techniques that he had helped to introduce to the United States. Mr Hertlein is an active member of several key professional societies. At the time of writing this book, he is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Chairman of the Nondestructive and In-place Testing Committee of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C9-64), Chairman of the Testing and Evaluation Committee of the Deep Foundations Institute, and Secretary of the Nondestructive Testing Committee of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 228). He also serves as a member of ACI Committee 336: Footings, Mats and Drilled Piers, ASTM Committee C9-47:Self-Consolidating Concrete, D18-11: Deep Foundations and G9-14: Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel. Mr Hertlein has written numerous conference papers and journal articles. He is a regular member of the faculty for the International Association of Foundation Drilling(ADSC-IAFD) Drilled Shaft Inspector's School and a frequent lecturer at other educational seminars presented byACI International, ADSC regional chapters, the ASCE Geo-Institute and the Deep Foundations Institute.
ALLEN G. DAVIS, PH.D., D.SC., PE
Allen Davis qualified as a geologist and his first career was as prospector for De Beers Corporation in Central Africa. He then converted to Civil Engineering through Geotechnics, gaining his Ph.D. from Birmingham University, UK in that subject. He has had Academic, Research and Industrial experience in fairly equal proportions, including: Professor at the University of Birmingham, UK, for 10 years. Head of the Geotechnical and Highways Research Division, National Center for Building and Civil Engineering Research (CEBTP), Paris, France, for 8 years. Technical and Managing Director, Testconsult CEBTP (UK) for 8 years. He was one of the founding members of Testconsult in 1974. Principal Engineer, STS Consultants, Ltd and Manager for NDE, Madsen, Kneppers Associates, Chicago, Illinois and Salt Lake City, Utah, USA for 6 years. Senior Principal Engineer, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. (CTL), Skokie, Illinois, USA for the last 6 years.
At the time of writing this book he was Manager of Nondestructive Evaluation at CTL in Skokie, Illinois. His special interests included vibration problems and realtime data acquisition from dynamic testing of concrete foundations and structures, and he was a member and past Chairman of Committee 228 (Nondestructive Testing of Concrete) of the American Concrete Institute and also a member ofASTMCommittee Nondestructive and In-place Testing. He has published over 80 technical articles and publications to date in the fields of Civil Engineering and Building, Transportation and Materials Resources. Eleven Ph.D.
Bernard Hertlein started his professional career as a mechanical engineering student but soon realized that he had a natural affinity for electronics. After working professionally with automotive electronic systems and pursuing audio engineering as a hobby for several years, he migrated through audio engineering to instrumentation of civil engineering structures and finally to nondestructive testing. After joining Testconsult, the English subsidiary of the French National Center for Building and Civil Engineering Research (CEBTP), Mr Hertlein became deeply involved with the development of both the software and the hardware for several nondestructive test techniques for deep foundations that are now in common use worldwide. He worked on construction testing projects throughout Europe, HongKong, parts of North Africa and the United States, eventually settling in the United States, where he and Allen Davis introduced the Cross-hole Sonic-Logging technique, the Parallel-Seismic test and the Impulse-Response (Sonic-Mobility) test in the mid 1980s.
In 1992, Mr Hertlein joined STS Consultants, based inVernon Hills, Illinois, where he has continued to design and build test equipment and research new applications for the test techniques that he had helped to introduce to the United States. Mr Hertlein is an active member of several key professional societies. At the time of writing this book, he is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Chairman of the Nondestructive and In-place Testing Committee of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C9-64), Chairman of the Testing and Evaluation Committee of the Deep Foundations Institute, and Secretary of the Nondestructive Testing Committee of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 228). He also serves as a member of ACI Committee 336: Footings, Mats and Drilled Piers, ASTM Committee C9-47:Self-Consolidating Concrete, D18-11: Deep Foundations and G9-14: Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel. Mr Hertlein has written numerous conference papers and journal articles. He is a regular member of the faculty for the International Association of Foundation Drilling(ADSC-IAFD) Drilled Shaft Inspector's School and a frequent lecturer at other educational seminars presented byACI International, ADSC regional chapters, the ASCE Geo-Institute and the Deep Foundations Institute.
ALLEN G. DAVIS, PH.D., D.SC., PE
Allen Davis qualified as a geologist and his first career was as prospector for De Beers Corporation in Central Africa. He then converted to Civil Engineering through Geotechnics, gaining his Ph.D. from Birmingham University, UK in that subject. He has had Academic, Research and Industrial experience in fairly equal proportions, including: Professor at the University of Birmingham, UK, for 10 years. Head of the Geotechnical and Highways Research Division, National Center for Building and Civil Engineering Research (CEBTP), Paris, France, for 8 years. Technical and Managing Director, Testconsult CEBTP (UK) for 8 years. He was one of the founding members of Testconsult in 1974. Principal Engineer, STS Consultants, Ltd and Manager for NDE, Madsen, Kneppers Associates, Chicago, Illinois and Salt Lake City, Utah, USA for 6 years. Senior Principal Engineer, Construction Technology Laboratories, Inc. (CTL), Skokie, Illinois, USA for the last 6 years.
At the time of writing this book he was Manager of Nondestructive Evaluation at CTL in Skokie, Illinois. His special interests included vibration problems and realtime data acquisition from dynamic testing of concrete foundations and structures, and he was a member and past Chairman of Committee 228 (Nondestructive Testing of Concrete) of the American Concrete Institute and also a member ofASTMCommittee Nondestructive and In-place Testing. He has published over 80 technical articles and publications to date in the fields of Civil Engineering and Building, Transportation and Materials Resources. Eleven Ph.D.
In modern structural and civil engineering, non-destructive testing is an invaluable engineering tool, allowing engineers to assess and test a building's structural integrity at any stage of the structural life cycle, from construction to demolition, and assess all parts of the structure from the foundations up. Non-destructive testing uses key physical principles such as wave propagation, elasticity, electromagnetism, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, to test, assess, and subsequently allow for the resolution of possible structural problems before they become significant or cause failure.
This highly useful manual:
* Covers all commercially viable non-destructive foundation test methods for the most commonly used deep foundation construction techniques
* Includes a brief history of the development of all commercially available test methods
* Summarises each method's capabilities and limitations
* Acts as an excellent reference tool drawing together resources not previously available in one volume
Non-Destructive Testing of Deep Foundations integrates past and modern NDT practices with a review of emerging technologies, making this both a highly useful teaching aid for researchers, lecturers, and postgraduate students in civil/structural, geotechnical engineering, and architecture, as well as a handy reference tool for the practising engineer.
This highly useful manual:
* Covers all commercially viable non-destructive foundation test methods for the most commonly used deep foundation construction techniques
* Includes a brief history of the development of all commercially available test methods
* Summarises each method's capabilities and limitations
* Acts as an excellent reference tool drawing together resources not previously available in one volume
Non-Destructive Testing of Deep Foundations integrates past and modern NDT practices with a review of emerging technologies, making this both a highly useful teaching aid for researchers, lecturers, and postgraduate students in civil/structural, geotechnical engineering, and architecture, as well as a handy reference tool for the practising engineer.
This manual describes the most commonly used deep foundation construction techniques, typical use of materials and the NDT methods commercially available . Descriptions of methods increase reader understanding through a brief history of method development and a summary of method capabilities and limitations.
FOREWORD.
PREFACE.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS.
1 INTRODUCTION AND A BRIEF HISTORY.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 A Brief History of Deep Foundations and the Advent of NDT.
1.3 Deep Foundation Failures and ND.
1.4 Deficiencies in Existing Foundations.
2 COMMONLY USED DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION METHODS.
2.1 Driven Piles - Timber, Steel and Concrete.
2.2 Caissons and Drilled Shafts.
2.3 Diaphragm Walls, Cut-off Walls and Barrettes.
2.4 Augured, Cast-in-place Pile.
2.5 Micropiles or Minipiles.
2.6 Stone Columns and other Soil Improvement Techniques.
3 HOW SOILS AFFECT THE CHOICE OF FOUNDATION TYPE.
4 TRADITIONAL, VISUAL AND NEW INSPECTION METHODS FOR DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION.
1.1 Driven Piles.
4.2 Augured Cast-in-place Piles.
4.3 Drilled Shafts.
4.4 The Inspector's Role.
5 A REVIEW OF FULL-SCALE LOAD-TESTING TECHNIQUES.
5.1 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Compression.
5.2 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Tension.
5.3 Static Load-test Techniques - Lateral.
6 HIGH-STRAIN TESTING FOR CAPACITY AND/OR INTEGRITY.
6.1 High-strain Dynamic (Drop-weight) Testing of Driven Piles.
6.2 High-strain Testing of Drilled Shafts and Augered, Cast-in-place Piles.
6.3 Modification of Shaft Head for High-strain Tests.
6.4 Practical Considerations for Drop-weight Techniques.
6.5 HSDT Alternatives.
6.6 Limitations of High-strain Dynamic Testing.
7 LOW-STRAIN SURFACE TESTS - SONIC ECHO.
7.1 Sonic Echo (Impulse Echo).
8 SONIC MOBILITY (IMPULSE RESPONSE).
8.1 Principles of Impulse-Response Curve Interpretation.
8.2 Practical Considerations.
8.3 Classification of Signal Responses.
8.4 Pile Simulation Techniques.
8.5 Time Domain-Velocity Reflectors.
9 THE IMPEDANCE-LOG ANALYSIS.
10 LOW-STRAIN DOWN-HOLE TESTS.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Cross-Hole Sonic Logging.
10.3 Cross-Hole Tomography.
10.4 Single-Hole Sonic Logging.
10.5 Gamma-Gamma Logging.
10.6 Parallel Seismic Testing.
11 FIELD MOCK-UPS OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS: CLASS-A PREDICTIONS.
12 THE RELIABILITY OF PILE SHAFT INTEGRITY TESTING.
12.1 Statistical NDT Sampling Schemes.
12.2 Methodology Reliability.
13 CURRENT RESEARCH.
13.1 Developments in Measurements and Analysis.
13.2 Electrical Methods.
13.3 Optical Techniques.
13.4 Guided Wave Analysis.
13.5 Statistical Analysis.
13.6 Self-consolidating Concrete.
13.7 Acceptable Vibration Levels.
13.8 Automated Monitoring Systems.
13.9 Wireless Acquisition Systems.
13.10 'Smart' Structures.
14 THE PLACE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY.
14.1 Nondestructive Testing and Load and Resistance Factor Design.
14.2 Setting Up an Effective Quality Management Program.
14.3 Who's Testing the Tester?.
14.4 Acceptance Criteria.
14.5 Evaluating Defects.
APPENDIX I STRESS-WAVE PROPAGATION IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES.
1. General Theory.
2. Determination of Damping.
3. Determination of Harmonic Response - Mechanical Impedance.
4. Resonant Frequency of an Infinitely Long Pile.
5. Impedance Input for a Finite-length pile with Unknown Mechan
PREFACE.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
PHOTOGRAPHY AND ILLUSTRATION CREDITS.
1 INTRODUCTION AND A BRIEF HISTORY.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 A Brief History of Deep Foundations and the Advent of NDT.
1.3 Deep Foundation Failures and ND.
1.4 Deficiencies in Existing Foundations.
2 COMMONLY USED DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION METHODS.
2.1 Driven Piles - Timber, Steel and Concrete.
2.2 Caissons and Drilled Shafts.
2.3 Diaphragm Walls, Cut-off Walls and Barrettes.
2.4 Augured, Cast-in-place Pile.
2.5 Micropiles or Minipiles.
2.6 Stone Columns and other Soil Improvement Techniques.
3 HOW SOILS AFFECT THE CHOICE OF FOUNDATION TYPE.
4 TRADITIONAL, VISUAL AND NEW INSPECTION METHODS FOR DEEP FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION.
1.1 Driven Piles.
4.2 Augured Cast-in-place Piles.
4.3 Drilled Shafts.
4.4 The Inspector's Role.
5 A REVIEW OF FULL-SCALE LOAD-TESTING TECHNIQUES.
5.1 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Compression.
5.2 Static Load-test Techniques - Axial Tension.
5.3 Static Load-test Techniques - Lateral.
6 HIGH-STRAIN TESTING FOR CAPACITY AND/OR INTEGRITY.
6.1 High-strain Dynamic (Drop-weight) Testing of Driven Piles.
6.2 High-strain Testing of Drilled Shafts and Augered, Cast-in-place Piles.
6.3 Modification of Shaft Head for High-strain Tests.
6.4 Practical Considerations for Drop-weight Techniques.
6.5 HSDT Alternatives.
6.6 Limitations of High-strain Dynamic Testing.
7 LOW-STRAIN SURFACE TESTS - SONIC ECHO.
7.1 Sonic Echo (Impulse Echo).
8 SONIC MOBILITY (IMPULSE RESPONSE).
8.1 Principles of Impulse-Response Curve Interpretation.
8.2 Practical Considerations.
8.3 Classification of Signal Responses.
8.4 Pile Simulation Techniques.
8.5 Time Domain-Velocity Reflectors.
9 THE IMPEDANCE-LOG ANALYSIS.
10 LOW-STRAIN DOWN-HOLE TESTS.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Cross-Hole Sonic Logging.
10.3 Cross-Hole Tomography.
10.4 Single-Hole Sonic Logging.
10.5 Gamma-Gamma Logging.
10.6 Parallel Seismic Testing.
11 FIELD MOCK-UPS OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS: CLASS-A PREDICTIONS.
12 THE RELIABILITY OF PILE SHAFT INTEGRITY TESTING.
12.1 Statistical NDT Sampling Schemes.
12.2 Methodology Reliability.
13 CURRENT RESEARCH.
13.1 Developments in Measurements and Analysis.
13.2 Electrical Methods.
13.3 Optical Techniques.
13.4 Guided Wave Analysis.
13.5 Statistical Analysis.
13.6 Self-consolidating Concrete.
13.7 Acceptable Vibration Levels.
13.8 Automated Monitoring Systems.
13.9 Wireless Acquisition Systems.
13.10 'Smart' Structures.
14 THE PLACE OF NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY.
14.1 Nondestructive Testing and Load and Resistance Factor Design.
14.2 Setting Up an Effective Quality Management Program.
14.3 Who's Testing the Tester?.
14.4 Acceptance Criteria.
14.5 Evaluating Defects.
APPENDIX I STRESS-WAVE PROPAGATION IN CYLINDRICAL STRUCTURES.
1. General Theory.
2. Determination of Damping.
3. Determination of Harmonic Response - Mechanical Impedance.
4. Resonant Frequency of an Infinitely Long Pile.
5. Impedance Input for a Finite-length pile with Unknown Mechan
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