Nanomedicine

Recent advances in nanomedicine offer ground-breaking methods for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of some fatal diseases. Amongst the most promising nanomaterials being developed are magnetic nanomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic nanosensors. Some nanomagnetic medical applications are already commercially available with more set to be released over the coming years. Nanomedicine, Design and Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials, Nanosensors and Nanosystems presents a comprehensive overview of the biomedical applications of various types of functional magnetic materials. The book provides an introduction to magnetic nanomaterials before systematically discussing the individual materials, their physical and chemical principles, fabrication techniques and biomedical applications. This methodical approach allows this book to be used both as a textbook for beginners to the subject and as a convenient reference for professionals in the field. Discusses magnetic nanoparticles including nanowires, nanotubes, zero-dimensional nanosperes and naturally existing magnetosomes. Examines intrinsically smart magnetic materials and describes their part in the development of biomedical sensors and biochips, which are often used in biomedical tests. Integrates the research efforts of different disciplines from materials sciences to biology and electrical engineering to medicine in order to provide a unified and authoritative guide to a richly interdisciplinary field. This volume is of great appeal to students and researchers in the fields of electrical and electronic engineering, biomedical engineering, nanotechnology, materials science, physics, medicine and biology. It is also of interest to practising engineers, materials scientists, chemists and research medical doctors involved in the development of magnetic materials and structures for biomedical applications.

Recent advances in nanomedicine offer ground-breaking methods forthe prevention, diagnosis and treatment of some fatal diseases.Amongst the most promising nanomaterials being developed aremagnetic nanomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles andmagnetic nanosensors. Some nanomagnetic medical applications arealready commercially available with more set to be released overthe coming years.Nanomedicine, Design and Applications of MagneticNanomaterials, Nanosensors and Nanosystems presents acomprehensive overview of the biomedical applications of varioustypes of functional magnetic materials. The book provides anintroduction to magnetic nanomaterials before systematicallydiscussing the individual materials, their physical and chemicalprinciples, fabrication techniques and biomedical applications.This methodical approach allows this book to be used both as atextbook for beginners to the subject and as a convenient referencefor professionals in the field.* Discusses magnetic nanoparticles including nanowiresnanotubes, zero-dimensional nanosperes and naturally existingmagnetosomes.* Examines intrinsically smart magnetic materials and describestheir part in the development of biomedical sensors and biochipswhich are often used in biomedical tests.* Integrates the research efforts of different disciplines from materials sciences to biology and electricalengineering to medicine - in order to provide a unifiedand authoritative guide to a richly interdisciplinary field.This volume is of great appeal to students and researchers inthe fields of electrical and electronic engineering, biomedicalengineering, nanotechnology, materials science, physics, medicineand biology. It is also of interest to practising engineersmaterials scientists, chemists and research medical doctorsinvolved in the development of magnetic materials and structuresfor biomedical applications.

CONTENTSPrefaceAbout the Authors Introduction1.1 What is nanoscience and nanotechnology1.2 Magnets and nanometers: mutual attraction1.3 Typical magnetic nanomaterials1.4 Nanomedicine and magnetic nanomedicine1.5 Typical biomedical applications of functional magneticnanomaterialsPhysical background for the biomedical applications offunctional magnetic nanomaterials2.1 Requirements for biomedical applications2.2 Fundamentals of nanomagnetism2.3 Magnetic relaxation of ferrofluids2.4 Magnetorheology of ferrofluids2.5 Manipulation of magnetic particles in fluids2.6 Interactions between biological nanomaterials andfunctionalized magnetic nanoparticlesMagnetic nanoparticles3.1 Introduction3.2 Basics of nanomagnetics3.3 Synthesis techniques3.4 Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles3.5 Bio-inspired magnetic nanoparticles3.6 Functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles3.7 Future prospectsBiomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles4.1 Introduction4.2 Diagnostic applications4.3 Therapeutic applications4.4 Physiological aspects4.5 Toxic effectsMagnetosomes and their biomedical applications5.1 Introduction5.2 Magnetosome formation5.3 Cultivation of magnetotactic bacteria5.4 Characterization of magnetosomes5.5 Biomedical applications of magnetosomesMagnetic nanowires and their biomedical applications6.1 Introduction6.2 Magnetism of magnetic nanowires6.3 Template-based synthesis of magnetic nanowires6.4 Characterization of magnetic nanowires6.5 Functionalization of magnetic nanowires6.6 Magnetic nanowires in suspension6.7 Biomedical applications of magnetic nanowiresMagnetic nanotubes and their biomedical applications7.1 Introduction7.2 Magnetism of nanotubes7.3 Multifunctionality of magnetic nanotubes7.4 Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanotubes7.5 Biomedical applications of magnetic nanotubesMagnetic biosensors8.1 Introduction8.2 Magnetoresistance-based sensors8.3 Hall effect sensors8.4 Other sensors detecting stray magnetic fields8.5 Sensors detecting magnetic relaxations8.6 Sensors detecting ferrofluid susceptibilityMagnetic biochips: basic principles9.1 Introduction9.2 Biochips based on giant magnetoresistance sensors9.3 Biochips based on spin valve sensors9.4 Biochips based on magnetic tunnel junctions9.5 Fully integrated biochipsBiomedical applications of magnetic biosensors andbiochips10.1 Introduction10.2 DNA analysis10.3 Protein analysis and protein biochips10.4 Virus detection and cell analysis10.5 Study of the interactions between biomolecules10.6 Detection of biological warfare agents10.7 Environmental monitoring and cleanup10.8 OutlookAppendixA1. Units for magnetic properties