Water Diseases w/website

Janine Selendy is Founder, Chairman and President of HORIZON International, a non-profit organization based at Yale University, which addresses health, anvironment and disease issues worldwide. She also serves as principal editor and publisher of Horizon's web-based Solutions Site. She is executive producer of more than 20 television documentaries, many of which have won awards and have been broadcast in many countries. She is also a Research Affiliate in the Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University. Her background in medical, scientific, environmental and other areas provides her with an appreciation of the interconnectedness of many subjects.

Written by authorities from various related specialties, this book presents the most complete treatment possible of the conditions responsible for water- and sanitation-related diseases, the pathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting from lack of safe water and sanitation, distribution of these diseases, and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. Preventive measures and solutions are presented throughout. This book is an essential resource for all graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs.
 
Key features:
* Provides a comprehensive understanding of the interconnection among many factors related to water-related diseases, sanitation and hygiene
* Brings together experts from various specialties to address each area covered and to assist in bringing about the understanding of those interconnections
* Provides examples of successful interventions with knowledge about how they were brought about so that information can be use to replicate the initiative in full or in part
* Provides an appreciation of the concerns and solutions addressed from an international perspective with high and low technological solutions
* Provides insight into the international dimension of these concerns and how they can be best addressed

PREFACE ix
 
CONTRIBUTORS xi
 
INTRODUCTION xv
Janine M. H. Selendy and Jens Aargaard-Hansen
 
SECTION I DEFINING THE PROBLEM 1
 
1 Tackling the Water Crisis: A Continuing Need to Address Spatial and Social Equity 3
Jay Graham
 
2 Sanitation and Hygiene: Taking Stock After Three Decades 17
Jay Graham
 
3 Water and Health: The Demographic Background 29
Robert Wyman
 
4 Water and War: Averting Armed Conflict and Protecting Human Rights 41
Barry S. Levy and Victor W. Sidel
 
SECTION II WATER AND SANITATION-RELATED DISEASES 45
 
5 Infectious Diarrhea 47
Sean Fitzwater, Aruna Chandran, Margaret Kosek, and Mathuram Santosham
 
6 Malnutrition and Undernutrition 71
Jeffrey K. Griffiths
 
7 Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Ascaris, Trichuris, and Hookworm Infections 81
Brian G. Blackburn and Michele Barry
 
8 Toxic Cyanobacteria 95
Ian Stewart, Wayne W. Carmichael, and Lorraine C. Backer
 
9 Dengue: A Water-Borne Disease 111
Scott B. Halstead
 
10 Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease): Case Study of the Effort to Eradicate Guinea Worm 125
Donald R. Hopkins and Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben
 
11 Onchocerciasis 133
Adrian Hopkins and Boakye A. Boatin
 
12 Reassessing Multiple-Intervention Malaria Control Programs of the Past: Lessons for the Design of Contemporary Interventions 151
Burton H. Singer and Marcia C. Castro
 
13 Schistosomiasis 167
Pascal Magnussen, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, and Jens Aagaard-Hansen
 
14 Trachoma 175
Joseph A. Cook and Silvio P. Mariotti
 
15 Shigellosis 187
Michael L. Bennish and M. John Albert
 
16 The Zimbabwe Cholera Epidemic of 2008-2009 205
Edward Dodge
 
17 Infectious Disease Control in Ghana: Government's Interventions and Challenges to Malaria Eradication 211
Julius N. Fobil, Juergen May, and Alexander Kraemer
 
SECTION III WATER RESOURCES 217
 
18 Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in Low-Income Countries 219
Thomas F. Clasen
 
19 Informal Small-Scale Water Services in Developing Countries: The Business of Water for Those without Formal Municipal Connections 231
Laura Sima and Menachem Elimelech
 
SECTION IV SANITATION AND HYGIENE 241
 
20 The Sanitation Challenge in India 243
Bindeshwar Pathak
 
21 Successful Sanitation Projects in Thailand, Malaysia, and Singapore 251
Jay P. Graham
 
22 Household-Centered Environmental Sanitation Systems 257
Bindeshwar Pathak
 
SECTION V ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS OF WATER POLLUTION 269
 
23 Naturally Occurring Water Pollutants 271
Lorraine C. Backer, Jonathan K. Kish, Helena M. Solo-Gabriele, and Lora E. Fleming
 
24 Anthropogenic Sources of Water Pollution: Parts 1 and 2 289
Kerry L. Shannon, Robert S. Lawrence, and M. Danielle McDonald
 
25 The Hudson River: A Case Study of PCB Contamination 303
David O. Carpenter and Gretchen Welfinger-Smith
 
26 Other Water Pollutants: Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria 329
Amy R. Sapkota
 
SECTION VI CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS IN PREVENTING WATER POLLUTION 337
 
27 Controlling Water Pollutants 339
Jeffery A. Foran
 
28 Global Substitution of Mercury-Based Medical Devices in the Health Sector 351
Joshua Karliner and Peter Orris
 
29 Addressing Sources of PCBs and Other Chemical Pollutants in Water 359
Gretchen Welfinger-Smith and David O. Carpenter
 
30 Additional Measures to Prevent, Ameliorate, and Reduce Water Pollution and Related Water Diseases: Global Water Governance 385
Nikhil Chandavarkar
 
SECTION VII EMERGING ISSUES IN ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND DISEASE 389
 
31 Changing Geographic Distribution of Disease Vector