Biomass to Biofuels

Dr Alain Vertes is based in the Microbiology Research Group at the Research Institute of Innovative Technology (RIIT) in Kyoto, Japan.? Dr Vertes received his PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and in 2004 received his MBA as a Sloan Fellow from the London Business School.? His industrial experience includes working with Mitsubishi, Eli Lilly and in Nov 2001 he joined RIIT as a Senior Researcher. In May 2002 he was appointed Portfolio Head, Strategic Alliances for Pfizer in France and took up the position of Pharmaceuticals, Director, Strategic Alliances at Pfizer UK in October 2004. In April 2005 he returned to the Research Institute of Innovative Technology in Kyoto where he is a Senior Research working on biotechnology start-ups in the field of energy and chemical production.

Focusing on the key challenges that still impede the realization of the billion-ton renewable fuels vision, this book integrates technological development and business development rationales to highlight the key technological.developments that are necessary to industrialize biofuels on a global scale. Technological issues addressed in this work include fermentation and downstream processing technologies, as compared to current industrial practice and process economics. Business issues that provide the lens through which the technological review is performed span the entire biofuel value chain, from financial mechanisms to fund biotechnology start-ups in the biofuel arena up to large green field manufacturing projects, to raw material farming, collection and transport to the bioconversion plant, manufacturing, product recovery, storage, and transport to the point of sale. Emphasis has been placed throughout the book on providing a global view that takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of various biofuels markets from Brazil, the EU, the US, or Japan, to emerging economies as agricultural development and biofuel development appear undissociably linked.

Foreword.
 
Preface.
 
Contributors.
 
Part I: Structure of the Bioenergy Business.
 
1 Characteristics of Biofuels and Renewable Fuel Standards (Alan C. Hansen, Dimitrios C. Kyritsis, and Chia fon F. Lee).
 
1.1 Introduction.
 
1.2 Molecular Structure.
 
1.3 Physical Properties.
 
1.4 Chemical Properties.
 
1.5 Biofuel Standards.
 
1.6 Perspective.
 
References.
 
2 The Global Demand for Biofuels: Technologies, Markets and Policies (Jürgen Scheffran).
 
2.1 Introduction.
 
2.2 Motivation and Potential of Renewable Fuels.
 
2.3 Renewable Fuels in the Transportation Sector.
 
2.4 Status and Potential of Major Biofuels.
 
2.5 Biofuel Policies and Markets in Selected Countries.
 
2.6 Perspective.
 
References.
 
3 Biofuel Demand Realization (Stephen R. Hughes and Nasib Qureshi).
 
3.1 Introduction.
 
3.2 Availability of Renewable Resources to Realize Biofuel Demand.
 
3.3 Technology Improvements to Enhance Biofuel Production Economics.
 
3.4 US Regulatory Requirements for Organisms Engineered to Meet Biofuel Demand.
 
3.5 Conclusions.
 
References.
 
4 Advanced Biorefineries for the Production of Fuel Ethanol (Stephen R. Hughes, William Gibbons, and Scott Kohl).
 
4.1 Introduction.
 
4.2 Ethanol Production Plants Using Sugar Feedstocks.
 
4.3 Dedicated Dry-Grind and Dry-Mill Starch Ethanol Production Plants.
 
4.4 Dedicated Wet-Mill Starch Ethanol Production Plants.
 
4.5 Dedicated Cellulosic Ethanol Production Plants.
 
4.6 Advanced Combined Biorefineries.
 
4.7 Perspective.
 
References.
 
Part II: Diesel from Biomass.
 
5 Biomass Liquefaction and Gasification (Nicolaus Dahmen, Edmund Henrich, Andrea Kruse, and Klaus Raffelt).
 
5.1 Introduction.
 
5.2 Direct Liquefaction.
 
5.3 Biosynfuels from Biosyngas.
 
5.4 Summary and Conclusions.
 
References.
 
6 Diesel from Syngas (Yong-Wang Li, Jian Xu, and Yong Yang).
 
6.1 Introduction.
 
6.2 Overview of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis.
 
6.3 Historical Development of the F-T Synthesis Process.
 
6.4 Modern Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Processes.
 
6.5 Economics.
 
6.6 Perspective.
 
Acknowledgements.
 
References.
 
7 Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils (Jon Van Gerpen).
 
7.1 Introduction.
 
7.2 Use of Vegetable Oils as Diesel Fuels.
 
7.3 Renewable Diesel.
 
7.4 Properties.
 
7.5 Biodiesel Production.
 
7.6 Transesteritication.
 
7.7 Biodiesel Purification.
 
7.8 Perspective.
 
References.
 
8 Biofuels from Microalgae and Seaweeds (Michael Huesemann, Guri Roesjadi, John Benemann, and F. Blaine Metting).
 
8.1 Introduction.
 
8.2 Biofuels from Microalgae: Products, Processes, and Limitations.
 
8.3 Biofuels from Seaweeds: Products, Processes, and Limitations.
 
8.4 Conclusions.
 
References.
 
Part III: Ethanol and Butanol.
 
9 Improvements in Corn to Ethanol Production Technology Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Vijay Singh, David B. Johnston, Kent D. Rausch, and M.E. Tumbleson).
 
9.1 Introduction.
 
9.2 Current Industrial Ethanol Production Technology.
 
9.3 Granular Starch Hydrolysis.
 
9.4 Corn Fractionation.
 
9.5 Simultaneous SSF and Distillation.
 
9.6 Dynamic Control of SSF Processes.
 
9.7 Cost of Ethanol.
 
9.8 Perspective.
 
References.
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