Annelids in Modern Biology

Daniel H. Shain, PhD, is a Professor at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, where he serves as the Graduate Program Director of Biology. Dr. Shain's current research areas involve ice worm bioenergetics and phylogeography, clitellate cocoons and their secretion, and genes differentially expressed during embryonic stem cell formation.

Annelids offer a diversity of experimentally accessible features making them a rich experimental subject across the biological sciences, including evolutionary development, neurosciences and stem cell research.
 
This volume introduces the Annelids and their utility in evolutionary developmental biology, neurobiology, and environmental/ecological studies, including extreme environments. The book demonstrates the variety of fields in which Annelids are already proving to be a useful experimental system. Describing the utility of Annelids as a research model, this book is an invaluable resource for all researchers in the field.

Annelids offer a diversity of experimentally accessible features making them a rich experimental subject across the biological sciences, including evolutionary development, neurosciences and stem cell research.

Preface. Contributors. Part I Annelids as Model Systems in Biology. 1. Developing Models for Lophotrochozoan and Annelid Biology ( Kenneth M. Halanych and Elizabeth Borda ). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Phylogenetic Considerations. 1.3 Genetic and Developmental Tools. 1.4 Annelid Model Organisms. 1.5 Other Potential Annelid Models. 2. Annelid Phylogeny Molecular Analysis with an Emphasis on Model Annelids ( Christoph Bleidorn ). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Genes. 2.3 Molecular Annelid Phylogeny. 2.4 Choosing Model Organisms. 2.5 Branch Lengths. 2.6 Problems in Inferring Annelid Phylogeny. 2.7 Conclusions. 3. Cryptic Speciation in Clitellate Model Organisms ( Christer Erséus and Daniel Gustafsson ). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Sources and Kinds of Variation. 3.3 Examples of Clitellate Model Organisms. 3.4 Cryptic Speciation. 3.5 Conclusions and Recommendations. 4. Annelid Life Cycle Cultures ( Donald J. Reish and Bruno Pernet ). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Criteria for the Selection of Species. 4.3 Summary of Culture Techniques. 4.4 Life Cycle Cultures of Polychaeta. 4.5 Life Cycle Cultures of Oligochaeta. 4.6 Life Cycle Cultures of Hirudinea (Leeches). Part II Evolution and Development. 5. Annelids in Evolutionary Developmental Biology ( Dian Han Kuo ). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Evo Devo Today. 5.3 Evo Devo as Comparative Biology. 5.4 Why Annelid Development Is Interesting for Metazoan Evo Devo Biologists. 5.5 Case Study 1: Segmentation. 5.6 Case Study 2: Spiral Cleavage and Axis Specifi cation. 5.7 Tools for Analyzing Molecular Mechanisms of Development. 5.8 The Future of the Annelid Model Systems for Evo Devo. 6. Evolution, Development and Ecology of Capitella sp. I: A Waxing Model for Polychaete Studies ( Susan D. Hill and Robert M. Savage ). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Speciation Studies. 6.3 Capitella Sp. 1 Morphology. 6.4 Replacement of Lost Segments and Reproductive Trade Offs. 6.5 Metatrochophores, Ciliary Bands and Musculature. 6.6 Gene Expression during the Specifi cation and Differentiation of Germ Layers. 6.7 Sex among the Vermes. 6.8 Annelids and the Segmentation Debate. 6.9 A P Polarity Hox and ParaHox Genes. 6.10 Annelid Genomics: Draft Genome Sequence. 6.11 The Future Where Is This Going? 7. Stem Cell Genesis and Differentiation in Leech ( Shirley A. Lang and Daniel H. Shain ). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Stem Cell Genesis and Development. 7.3 Factors Affecting Stem Cell Genesis. 7.4 Stem Cell Differentiation. 7.5 Gene Expression. 7.6 Conclusion. Part III Neurobiology and Regeneration. 8. Cellular and Behavioral Properties of Learning in Leech and Other Annelids ( Kevin M. Crisp and Brian D. Burrell ). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Learning in the Leech Whole Body Shortening Refl ex and Role of the S Interneuron. 8.3 Role of the S Interneuron: Modulation of Excitability. 8.4 Learning in the Leech Swim Circuit. 8.5 Using the Leech to Study Intrinsic Forms of Sensitization. 8.6 Synaptic Plasticity in Leech CNS. 8.7 Conclusions. 9. Development, Regeneration and Immune Responses of the Leech Nervous System ( Michel Salzet and Eduardo Macagno ). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Background. 9.3 Recent Work on the Development of the Nervous System. 9.4 Neuronal Regeneration and Repair. 9.5 Neuroimmune Responses. 9.6 Cellular and Humoral Immune Mechanisms: A Leech Innate Immune Response. 9.7 Conclusions and Future Directions. 10. Lumbriculus variegatus and the Need for Speed: A Model System for Rapid Escape, Regeneration and Asexual Reproduction ( Mark J. Zoran and Veronica G. Martinez ). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Neural Regeneration in Oligochaetes. 10.3 Lumbriculus variegatus , a Model System for Regeneration and Asexual Reproduction. 10.4 Neural Morphallaxis. 10.5 Accessible Model for Life Science Education. Part IV Environmental and Ecological Studies. 11. Polychaetes in Environmental Studies ( Victoria Díaz Castañeda and Donald J. Reish ). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Estuarine Occurrence. 11.3 Intertidal Occurrence. 11.4 Mussel Beds. 11.5 Sea Grasses. 11.6 Sabellarid and Serp

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