Integrated Protected Area Management

Protected areas have become an increasingly important tool both in the conservation of biodiversity and in revenue generation through sustainable use. This is the only sure way to guarantee the protection necessary for many species, habitats and ecosystems in the future.
Integrated Protected Area Management features contributions that consider the design, management and sustainable use of these regions. Three principal aspects are considered:

• the theory and practice of designation
• community-based conservation and the concept of sustainability
• identifying priorities for management.

The emphasis throughout is on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to planning and the active involvement of all stakeholders in decision-making processes as a means of ensuring long-term sustainability.

1 Protected areas in context.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The concept of the 'protected area'.- 1.3 The significance of changing attitudes to nature.- 1.4 The diversity of protected areas.- 1.5 The UN List.- 1.6 Caracas: the problems and the challenges identified.- 1.7 The conclusions of Caracas.- 1.8 The economic valuation of protected areas.- 1.9 Protected areas in context.- 1.10 Protected areas and local people.- 1.11 Conclusions.- References.- 2 Designation of and management planning for protected areas.- 2.1 Ramsar sites and Special Protection Areas (SPAs).- 2.2 National Nature Reserves and Marine Nature Reserves.- 2.3 SSSIs in England.- 2.4 A new approach to SSSI management.- 2.5 Biodiversity Action Plans.- 2.6 Actions or initiatives taken by other organizations to aid the management planning of protected areas.- 2.7 Natural Areas.- 2.8 Natural Areas and wetlands.- 2.9 Sources of information.- 2.10 National overview.- 2.11 Wetland profiles.- 2.12 Conclusion.- Appendix 2A UK sites listed as wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.- Appendix 2B UK sites classified as Special Protection Areas under EC Birds Directive.- Appendix 2C Example Natural Area profiles.- Appendix 2D Assessment of wetland significance, by Natural Areas.- Appendix 2E NVC wetland communities and river types.- References.- 3 Conservation through development: the protected landscape approach.- 3.1 Protected landscape concept.- 3.2 Protected landscape approach in Britain.- 3.3 The way forward.- Appendix 3A Profile of the Snowdonia National Park.- 4 Links Between Population and Environment research programme: possible lessons for integrated protected area management.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 General characteristics of the programme.- 4.3 General findings arising from researchunder the programme.- 4.4 Factors mediating the relationship between population and environment.- 4.5 Conclusion.- 4.6 Publications under this research programme.- 5 Identifying priorities for management of large mammals in Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Vegetation.- 5.3 Mammalian megafauna.- 5.4 Land use history.- 5.5 Management priorities.- 5.6 Prognosis.- References.- 6 Valuation and management of protected areas in Venezuela.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Methods.- 6.3 Results.- 6.4 Discussion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 7 Commercialization, structure and sustainability of biodiversity conservation.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Definitions.- 7.3 Constraints and limits to sustainable development.- 7.4 Difficulties in determining criteria for assessing sustainability.- 7.5 Community biodiversity utilization projects.- 7.6 Conservation and sustainable bioresource use.- 7.8 Casebooks.- References.- 8 Aquatic biodiversity conservation in wetland and marine protected areas.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Establishment of wetland and marine protected areas.- 8.3 Threats to wetland and marine protected areas.- 8.4 Approaches to wetland and marine reserve management.- 8.5 Sustainable and multipurpose use.- 8.6 The future.- References.- 9 Modelling for sustainable forest use.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Global modelling.- 9.3 SARUM global model.- 9.4 Forestry model.- 9.5 Linking the models: land use.- 9.6 Illustrative simulations.- 9.7 Results.- 9.8 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 10 Conflict analysis and resolution.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Conflict: some paradigms.- 10.3 Conventional approaches to conflict.- 10.4 Alternative methods.- 10.5 Computer-based techniques.- 10.6 Metagame analysis.- 10.7 Conclusion.- References.- 11 From English moors and meadows to the Amazon rainforest: land use, biodiversity management and forgotten law.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Old English regulation of land use.- 11.3 Common rights - the wider implications for biodiversity management.- References.- 12 Aid for environment: the greening of development priorities.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Aid trends and the greening of development priorities.- 12.3 Multilateral agencies.- 12.4 Bilateral aid agencies.- 12.5 Discussion.- 12.6 Conclusion.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 13 Training: its importance and responsiveness to changing needs.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Basis of a training system.- 13.3 Areas for improvement of a training system.- 13.4 Present and future priorities for training.- 13.5 Conclusions.- References.- 14 Conclusions and prognosis.