Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases

John E. Bennett, MD, Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine; Bethesda, Maryland

For four decades, physicians and other healthcare providers have trusted Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases to provide expert guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of these complex disorders. The 9th Edition continues the tradition of excellence with newly expanded chapters, increased global coverage, and regular updates to keep you at the forefront of this vitally important field. Meticulously updated by Drs. John E. Bennett, Raphael Dolin, and Martin J. Blaser, this comprehensive, two-volume masterwork puts the latest information on challenging infectious diseases at your fingertips

I Basic Principles in the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious DiseasesA MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS1 A Molecular Perspective of Microbial Pathogenicity2 The Human Microbiome of Local Body Sites and Their Unique Biology3 Prebiotics, Probiotics, and SynbioticsB HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS4 Innate (General or Nonspecific) Host Defense Mechanisms5 Adaptive Immunity: Antibodies and Immunodeficiencies6 Cell-Mediated Defense Against Infection7 Mucosal Immunity8 Granulocytic Phagocytes9 Complement and Deficiencies10 Human Genetics and Infection11 Nutrition, Immunity, and Infection12 Evaluation of the Patient With Suspected ImmunodeficiencyC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE13 Applied Epidemiology for the Infectious Diseases Physician14 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Disease Threats15 Bioterrorism: An OverviewD CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY16 The Clinician and the Microbiology Laboratory: Test Ordering, Specimen Collection, and Result InterpretationE ANTIINFECTIVE THERAPY17 Principles of Antiinfective Therapy18 Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria19 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antiinfective Agents20 Penicillins and ß-Lactamase Inhibitors21 Cephalosporins22 Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Doripenem, and Aztreonam23 Antibiotic Allergy24 Fusidic Acid25 Aminoglycosides26 Tetracyclines, Glycylcyclines, and Chloramphenicol27 Rifamycins28 Metronidazole29 Macrolides and Clindamycin30 Glycopeptides (Vancomycin and Teicoplanin) and Lipoglycopeptides (Telavancin, Oritavancin, and Dalbavancin)31 Daptomycin and Quinupristin-Dalfopristin32 Polymyxins (Polymyxin B and Colistin)33 Linezolid, Tedizolid, and Other Oxazolidinones34 Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole35 Quinolones36 Unique Antibacterial Agents37 Urinary Tract Agents: Nitrofurantoin, Fosfomycin, and Methenamine38 Topical Antibacterials39 Antimycobacterial Agents40A Antifungal Agents: Amphotericin B40B Antifungal Drugs: Azoles40C Antifungal Drugs: Echinocandins40D Antifungal Drugs: Flucytosine41 Antimalarial Drugs42 Drugs for Protozoal Infections Other Than Malaria43 Drugs for Helminths44 Antiviral Agents: General Principles45 Antiviral Drugs for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Infections46 Antivirals Against Herpesviruses47 Antiviral Drugs Against Hepatitis Viruses48 Miscellaneous Antiviral Agents (Interferons, Tecovirimat, Imiquimod, Pocapavir, Pleconaril)49 Immunomodulators50 Hyperbaric Oxygen51 Antimicrobial Stewardship52 Designing and Interpreting Clinical Studies in Infectious Diseases53 Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy54 Tables of Antiinfective Agent PharmacologyII Major Clinical SyndromesA FEVER55 Temperature Regulation and the Pathogenesis of Fever56 Fever of Unknown Origin57 The Acutely Ill Patient With Fever and RashB UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS58 The Common Cold59 Pharyngitis60 Acute Laryngitis61 Otitis Externa, Otitis Media, and Mastoiditis62 Sinusitis63 Epiglottitis64 Infections of the Oral Cavity, Neck, and HeadC PLEUROPULMONARY AND BRONCHIAL INFECTIONS65 Acute Bronchitis66 Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease67 Acute Pneumonia68 Pleural Effusion and Empyema69 Bacterial Lung Abscess70 Chronic Pneumonia71 Cystic FibrosisD URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS72 Urinary Tract InfectionsE SEPSIS73 Sepsis and Septic ShockF INTRAABDOMINAL INFECTIONS74 Peritonitis and Intraperitoneal Abscesses75 Infections of the Liver and Biliary System (Liver Abscess, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis)76 Pancreatic Infection77 Splenic Abscess78 Appendicitis79 Diverticulitis and Neutropenic EnterocolitisG CARDIOVASCULAR INFECTIONS80 Endocarditis and Intravascular Infections81 Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis82 Infections of Nonvalvular Cardiovascular Devices83 Prevention of Infective Endocarditis84 Myocarditis and Pericarditis85 MediastinitisH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS86 Approach to the Patient With Central Nervous System Infection87 Acute Meningitis88 Chronic Meningitis89 Encephalitis90 Brain Abscess91 Subdural Empyema, Epidural Abscess, and Suppurative Intracranial Thrombophlebitis92 Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt and Drain InfectionsI SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS93 Cellulitis, Necrotizing Fasciitis, and Subcutaneous Tissue Infections94 Myositis and Myonecrosis95 Lymphadenitis and LymphangitisJ GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND FOOD POISONING96 Syndromes of Enteric Infection97 Esophagitis98 Diarrhea With Little or No Fever99 Acute Dysentery Syndromes (Diarrhea With Fever)100 Typhoid Fever, Paratyphoid Fever, and Typhoidal Fevers101 Foodborne Disease102 Tropical Sprue and Environmental Enteric DysfunctionK BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS103 Infectious Arthritis of Native Joints104 Osteomyelitis105 Orthopedic Implant-Associated InfectionsL DISEASES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES106 Genital Skin and Mucous Membrane Lesions107 Urethritis108 Vulvovaginitis and Cervicitis109 Infections of the Female Pelvis110 Prostatitis, Epididymitis, and OrchitisM EYE INFECTIONS111 Introduction to Eye Infections112 Microbial Conjunctivitis113 Microbial Keratitis114 Endophthalmitis115 Infectious Causes of Uveitis116 Periocular InfectionsN HEPATITIS117 Viral HepatitisO ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME118 Global Perspectives on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome119 Epidemiology and Prevention of AIDS and HIV Infection, Including Preexposure Prophylaxis and HIV Vaccine Development120 Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection121 The Immunology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection122 General Clinical Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (Including Acute Retroviral Syndrome and Oral, Cutaneous, Renal, Ocular, Metabolic, and Cardiac Diseases)123 Pulmonary Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection124 Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Pancreatic Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection125 Neurologic Diseases Caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Opportunistic Infections126 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Women127 Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection128 Antiretroviral Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection129 Management of Opportunistic Infections Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus InfectionP MISCELLANEOUS SYNDROMES130 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease)III Infectious Diseases and Their Etiologic AgentsA VIRAL DISEASES131 Biology of Viruses and Viral Diseases132 Orthopoxviruses Vaccinia (Smallpox Vaccine), Variola (Smallpox), Monkeypox, and Cowpox133 Other Poxviruses That Infect Humans: Parapoxviruses (Including Orf Virus), Molluscum Contagiosum, and Yatapoxviruses134 Introduction to Herpesviridae135 Herpes Simplex Virus136 Chickenpox and Herpes Zoster (Varicella-Zoster Virus)137 Cytomegalovirus138 Epstein-Barr Virus (Infectious Mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignant Diseases, and Other Diseases)139 Human Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7 (Exanthem Subitum)140 Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8)141 Herpes B Virus142 Adenoviruses143 Papillomaviruses144 JC, BK, and Other Polyomaviruses: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)145 Hepatitis B Virus146 Hepatitis Delta Virus147 Human Parvoviruses, Including Parvovirus B19V and Human Bocaparvoviruses148 Orthoreoviruses and Orbiviruses149 Coltiviruses (Colorado Tick Fever Virus) and Seadornaviruses150 Rotaviruses151 Alphaviruses (Chikungunya, Eastern Equine Encephalitis)152 Rubella Virus (German Measles)153 Flaviviruses (Dengue, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile Encephalitis, Usutu Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Kyasanur Forest Disease, Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever, Zika)154 Hepatitis C155 Coronaviruses, Including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)156 Parainfluenza Viruses157 Mumps Virus158 Respiratory Syncytial Virus159 Human Metapneumovirus160 Measles Virus (Rubeola)161 Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Nipah, Hendra, and Menangle Viruses162 Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Related Vesiculoviruses (Chandipura Virus)163 Rabies (Rhabdoviruses)164 Marburg and Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fevers165 Influenza Viruses, Including Avian Influenza and Swine Influenza166 California Encephalitis, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Hantavirus Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome, and Bunyavirus Hemorrhagic Fevers167 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus, Lassa Virus, and the South American Hemorrhagic Fevers (Arenaviruses)168 Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses (HTLV-1, HTLV-2)169 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses170 Introduction to the Human Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses171 Poliovirus172 Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, and Numbered Enteroviruses (EV-A71, EVD-68, EVD-70)173 Parechoviruses174 Hepatitis A Virus175 Rhinovirus176 Noroviruses and Sapoviruses (Caliciviruses)177 Astroviruses and Picobirnaviruses178 Hepatitis E VirusB PRION DISEASES179 Prions and Prion Disease of the Central Nervous System (Transmissible Neurodegenerative Diseases)C CHLAMYDIAL DISEASES180 Chlamydia trachomatis (Trachoma and Urogenital Infections)181 Psittacosis (Due to Chlamydia psittaci)182 Chlamydia pneumoniaeD MYCOPLASMA DISEASES183 Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Atypical Pneumonia184 Genital Mycoplasmas: Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma SpeciesE RICKETTSIOSES, EHRLICHIOSES, AND ANAPLASMOSES185 Introduction to Rickettsioses, Ehrlichioses, and Anaplasmoses186 Rickettsia rickettsii and Other Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fevers)187 Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox)188 Coxiella burnetii (Q Fever)189 Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic or Louse-Borne Typhus)190 Rickettsia typhi (Murine Typhus)191 Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub Typhus)192 Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis), and Other AnaplasmataceaeF BACTERIAL DISEASES193 Introduction to Bacteria and Bacterial Diseases194 Staphylococcus aureus (Including Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome)195 Staphylococcus epidermidis and Other Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci196 Classification of Streptococci197 Streptococcus pyogenes198 Nonsuppurative Poststreptococcal Sequelae: Rheumatic Fever and Glomerulonephritis199 Streptococcus pneumoniae200 Enterococcus Species, Streptococcus gallolyticus Group, and Leuconostoc Species201 Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococci)202 Viridans Streptococci, Nutritionally Variant Streptococci, and Groups C and G Streptococci203 Streptococcus anginosus Group204 Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Diphtheria)205 Other Coryneform Bacteria, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, and Rhodococci206 Listeria monocytogenes207 Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)208 Bacillus Species and Related Genera Other Than Bacillus anthracis209 Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae210 Whipple Disease211 Neisseria meningitidis212 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)213 Moraxella catarrhalis, Kingella, and Other Gram-Negative Cocci214 Vibrio cholerae215 Other Pathogenic Vibrios216 Campylobacter jejuni and Related Species217 Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastric Helicobacter Species218 Enterobacteriaceae219 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Pseudomonas Species220 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia Complex221 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei: Melioidosis and Glanders222 Acinetobacter Species223 Salmonella Species224 Bacillary Dysentery: Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli225 Haemophilus Species, Including H. influenzae and H. ducreyi (Chancroid)226 Brucellosis (Brucella Species)227 Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)228 Pasteurella Species229A Plague (Yersinia pestis)229B Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis230 Bordetella pertussis231 Rat-Bite Fever: Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus232 Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever233 Capnocytophaga234 Bartonella, Including Cat-Scratch Disease235 Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis, Granuloma Inguinale)236 Other Gram-Negative and Gram-Variable Bacilli237 Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)238 Endemic Treponematoses239 Leptospira Species (Leptospirosis)240 Relapsing Fever Caused by Borrelia Species241 Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) Due to Borrelia burgdorferi242 Anaerobic Infections: General Concepts243 Clostridioides difficile (Formerly Clostridium difficile) Infection244 Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)245 Botulism (Clostridium botulinum)246 Diseases Caused by Clostridium247 Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium Species (and Other Medically Important Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacilli)248 Anaerobic Cocci and Anaerobic Gram-Positive Nonsporulating Bacilli249 Mycobacterium tuberculosis250 Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae)251 Mycobacterium avium Complex252 Infections Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Other Than Mycobacterium avium Complex253 Nocardia Species254 Agents of ActinomycosisG MYCOSES255 Introduction to Mycoses256 Candida Species257 Aspergillus Species258 Agents of Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis259 Sporothrix schenckii260 Agents of Chromoblastomycosis261 Agents of Mycetoma262 Cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii)263 Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis)264 Blastomycosis265 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides Species)266 Dermatophytosis (Ringworm) and Other Superficial Mycoses267 Paracoccidioidomycosis268 Uncommon Fungi and Related Species269 Pneumocystis Species270 MicrosporidiosisH PROTOZOAL DISEASES271 Introduction to Protozoal Diseases272 Entamoeba Species, Including Amebic Colitis and Liver Abscess273 Free-Living Amebae274 Malaria (Plasmodium Species)275 Leishmania Species: Visceral (Kala-Azar), Cutaneous, and Mucosal Leishmaniasis276 Trypanosoma Species (American Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Disease): Biology of Trypanosomes277 Agents of African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)278 Toxoplasma gondii279 Giardia lamblia280 Trichomonas vaginalis281 Babesia Species282 Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium Species)283 Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cystoisospora belli, Sarcocystis Species, Balantidium coli, and Blastocystis SpeciesI DISEASES DUE TO TOXIC ALGAE284 Human Illness Associated With Harmful Algal BloomsJ DISEASES DUE TO HELMINTHS285 Introduction to Helminth Infections286 Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)287 Tissue Nematodes, Including Trichinellosis, Dracunculiasis, Filariasis, Loiasis, and Onchocerciasis288 Trematodes (Schistosomes and Liver, Intestinal, and Lung Flukes)289 Tapeworms (Cestodes)290 Visceral Larva Migrans and Other Uncommon Helminth InfectionsK ECTOPARASITIC DISEASES291 Introduction to Ectoparasitic Diseases292 Lice (Pediculosis)293 Scabies294 Myiasis and Tungiasis295 Mites, Including Chiggers296 Ticks, Including Tick ParalysisL DISEASES OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY297 Kawasaki DiseaseIV Special ProblemsA NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS298 Infection Prevention and Control in the Health Care Setting299 Disinfection, Sterilization, and Control of Hospital Waste300 Infections Caused by Percutaneous Intravascular Devices301 Nosocomial Pneumonia302 Health Care-Associated Urinary Tract Infections303 Health Care-Acquired Hepatitis304 Transfusion- and Transplantation-Transmitted InfectionsB INFECTIONS IN SPECIAL HOSTS305 Infections in the Immunocompromised Host: General Principles306 Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients307 Infections in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants308 Infections in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients309 Infections in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury310 nfections in Older Adults311 Infections in Asplenic Patients312 Infections in Injection Drug Users313 Surgical Site Infections and Antimicrobial ProphylaxisC SURGICAL- AND TRAUMA-RELATED INFECTIONS314 Burns315 BitesD IMMUNIZATION316 ImmunizationE ZOONOSES317 ZoonosesF PROTECTION OF TRAVELERS318 Protection of Travelers319 Infections in Returning Travelers