The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology

James Nordlund is the Founding President of the PASPCR (Pan American Society for Pigment Cell Research), and a member of the Council of International Federations of Pigment Cell Societies.

Our knowledge about the function of the melanocyte has expanded beyond boundaries not previously imagined. The melanocyte is no longer considered merely a factory for the production of the pigment melanin. Old data do not contradict the new but must be reinterpreted in light of modern conceptsof molecular and cellular biology, enzymology, biochemistry, chemistry, and physics. Diseases of the pigmentary system must be understood in terms of modern science. The editors, each with special knowledge of the pigmentary system, have combined their expertise and talents to produce a book thatwill serve as the ultimate resource for the study of all aspects of pigment cell biology. There is no comprehensive, scholarly reference available which compiles both old and new data into a single source. This book fills that void. There are monographs to assist dermatologists caring forindividuals with disorders of pigmentation, and textbooks with an introductory chapter on the physiology of pigmentation and a clinical chapter on the disorders manifested by common abnormalities of the pigmentary system. These resources continue to be invaluable, however they are written for aspecific type and level of audience. This volume is encyclopedic in scope, so that the biologist, chemist, cosmetic scientist, and clinician, whether novice or sophisticated expert, can peruse any section of the book with confidence that it contains most of the worlds knowledge on pigmentation, including historical work. The bibliographies are also prepared to be as comprehensive and all-inclusive as possible. The first part of the book brings together the molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, chemistry, physics, and physiology of the normal melanocyte as known in the 1990s. Thesecond part continues this theme, presenting a comprehensive discussion of most disorders of pigmentation described to date. Information about pathophysiology, treatment and other clinical data is

PART I: THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENTARY SYSTEM; SECTION 1: HISTORICAL & COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES OF THE PIGMENT SYSTEM; 1. A History of the Science of Pigmentation; 2. Comparative Anatomy & Physiology of Pigment Cells in Nonmammalian Tissues; SECTION 2: THE MORPHOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION & BIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENT CELL; 3. General Biology of Mammalian Pigmentation; 4. Extracutaneous Melanocytes; 5. Regulation of Melanoblast Migration & Differentiation; 6. Biogenesis of Melanosomes; 7. Melanosomal Translocation and Transfer; 8. Human Pigmentation & Regulation; 9. Melanocyte Interactions in the Skin; 10. Growth Factor Receptors and Signal Transduction Regulating the Proliferation & Differentiation of Melanocytes; 11. Aging, Replicative Senescence and the Differentiated Function of the Melanocyte; 12. Advances in Long Term Maintenance of Normal Human Melanocytes in Culture; 13. Advances in Immortalization of Cultured Melanocytes and Melanoblasts; 14. Advances in Melanogenic Assays and Subcellular Fractionation; 15. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) and the MSH Receptor; SECTION 3: THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENT CELL; 16. Molecular Approach to the Study of Pigment Cells; 17. Piebaldism, Waardenburg Syndrome, and Related Genetic Disorders - Molecular & Genetic Aspects; 18. Anatomy of Pigment Cell Genes Acting at the Cellular Level; 19. Anatomy of Pigment Cell Genes Acting at the Subcellular Level; 20. Genetic Regulation of the Pigment Cell; 21. Advances in Transgenic Animal Models; 22. Advances in In Vitro Gene Expression; 23. Advances in Gene Mapping; SECTION 4: CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS OF MELANIN AND ENZYMOLOGY OF MELANIN SYNTHESIS; 24. The Chemistry of Melanins and Related Metabolites; 25. The Physical Properties of Melanins; 26. The Photobiology of the Tanning Response; 27. The Toxicology & Pharmacology of Melanins; 28. The Enzymology of Melanogenesis; 29. Mechanisms of Inhibition of Melanin Pigmentation; 30. The Regulation of Melanin Formation; 31. Advances in Chemical Analysis of Melanins; 32. Advances in Physical Analysis of Melanins; 33. Advances in Enzymatic Analysis of Melanogenesis; PART II: THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE PIGMENTARY SYSTEM; SECTION 5: AN OVERVIEW OF HUMAN SKIN COLOR AND ITS DISORDERS; 34. The Normal Color of Human Skin; 35. Mechanisms that Cause Abnormal Skin Color; SECTION 6: DISORDERS OF HYPOPIGMENTATION AND DEPIGMENTATION; 36. Genetic Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Congenital Depigmentation; 37. Genetic Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Acquired Depigmentation; 38. Genetic Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Generalized Hypomelanosis; 39. Genetic Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Locilized Hypomelanosis; 40. Genetic Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Hypopigmentation of the Hair; 41. Metabolic, Nutritional & Endocrine Disorders; 42. Chemical, Pharmacologic & Physical Agents Causing Hypomelanoses; 43. Infectious Hypomelanoses; 44. Inflammatory Hypomelanoses; 45. Neoplastic Hypomelanoses; 46. Miscellaneous Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Depigmentation; 47. Miscellaneous Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Hypopigmentation; 48. Miscellaneous Hypomelanoses: Disorders Characterized by Extracutaneous Loss of Pigmentation; 49. Hypopigmentation without Hypomelanosis; SECTION 7: DISORDERS OF HYPERPIGMENTATION; 50. Genetic Epidermal Syndromes: Disorders Characterized by Generalized Hyperpigmentation; 51. Genetic Epidermal Syndromes: Disorders Characterized by Reticulated Hyperpigmentation; 52. Genetic Epidermal Syndromes: Disorders Characterized by Cafe au Lait Macules; 53. Genetic Epidermal Syndromes: Disorders Characterized by Lentigines; 54. Genetic Epidermal Syndromes: Disorders Characterizedr by Localized Hyperpigmentation; 55. Genetic Epidermal Syndromes: Disorders of Hyperpigmentation and Premature Aging; 56. Congenital Epidermal Hypermelanoses; 57. Acquired Epidermal Hypermelanoses; 58. Acquired & Congenital Dermal Hypermelanoses; 59. Mixed Epidermal & Dermal Hypermelanoses; 60. Drug Induced or Related Pigmentation; 61. The Melanocyte System of the Nails and its Disorders; 62. Rare Benign Neoplasm; SECTION 8: TREATMENT OF PIGMENTARY DISORDERS; 63. Topical Treatment of Pigmentary Disorders; 64. Phototherapy Pigmentary Disorders; 65. Sunscreens and Cosmetics; 66. Surgical Treatment of Pigmentary Disorders; 67. Laser Treatment of Pigmentary Disorders