Maritime Security

The commercial maritime sector is highly vulnerable to theft and piracy, and presents a probable target for a major terrorist attack. The best way to prevent losses is to apply lessons learned in another arena--the struggle to curb drug smuggling. This effort has shown that successes can be achieved when effective and comprehensive security measures and procedures are implemented at key initial links in the cargo supply chain. The integrity and security of whole system are improved when efforts are focused at the primary "e;choke point"e; - the load seaports and their ships. This book provides practical, experience-based, and proven knowledge - and a "e;how-to-guide"e; - on maritime security. McNicholas explains in clear language how commercial seaports and vessels function; what threats currently exist; what security policies, procedures, systems, and measures must be implemented to mitigate these threats; and how to conduct ship and port security assessments and plans. Whether the problem is weapons of mass destruction or cargo theft, Maritime Security provides invaluable guidance for the professionals who protect our shipping and ports. Holds the keys to successfully designing, implementing, and managing effective port and vessel security programs in a high-risk environment Provides real-world experience in Maritime Security from the Managing Director of Phoenix Management Services Group in the USA and Panama. Offers specifics of a model port security program and case studies of effective tactics in a high-threat environment

The commercial maritime sector is highly vulnerable to theft and piracy, and presents a probable target for a major terrorist attack. The best way to prevent losses is to apply lessons learned in another arena--the struggle to curb drug smuggling. This effort has shown that successes can be achieved when effective and comprehensive security measures and procedures are implemented at key initial links in the cargo supply chain. The integrity and security of whole system are improved when efforts are focused at the primary "e;choke point"e; - the load seaports and their ships. This book provides practical, experience-based, and proven knowledge - and a "e;how-to-guide"e; - on maritime security. McNicholas explains in clear language how commercial seaports and vessels function; what threats currently exist; what security policies, procedures, systems, and measures must be implemented to mitigate these threats; and how to conduct ship and port security assessments and plans. Whether the problem is weapons of mass destruction or cargo theft, Maritime Security provides invaluable guidance for the professionals who protect our shipping and ports. Holds the keys to successfully designing, implementing, and managing effective port and vessel security programs in a high-risk environment Provides real-world experience in Maritime Security from the Managing Director of Phoenix Management Services Group in the USA and Panama. Offers specifics of a model port security program and case studies of effective tactics in a high-threat environment

1;Cover;12;Copyright Page;53;Dedication Page;64;TOC$Table of Contents;85;About the Author;166;Contributors;187;Preface;208;Acknowledgments;229;CH$Chapter 1: Commercial Seaports and Modes of Maritime Transport;249.1;Objectives;249.2;Introduction;249.3;Commercial Seaports;259.3.1;Container Terminals;269.3.2;Bulk Cargo Terminals;409.3.3;Cruise Ship Terminals;449.3.4;Nontraditonal Ports;459.4;Stakeholders;499.4.1;Terminal Owners;499.4.2;Terminal Operators;509.4.3;Stevedore Company;509.4.4;Longshoremen;509.5;Intermodalism;519.6;Modes of Maritime Transport;529.6.1;Tankers;619.6.2;LNG Tankers;659.6.3;Chemical Tankers;659.6.4;Container Ships;679.6.5;Freighters;689.6.6;Bulkers;689.6.7;Oceangoing Tugboats;749.6.8;Cruise and Passenger Ships;769.7;Summary;8010;CH$Chapter 2: Documentation, Financial Transactions, and Business Entities in Commercial Maritime Transportation;8210.1;Objectives;8210.2;Introduction;8210.3;Purchase of Goods;8410.4;Filling the Order;8410.5;Container Stuffing;8510.6;Making a Booking;8610.7;Documents Used to Export and Import Cargo;9110.7.1;Bill of Lading;9110.7.2;Shipper's Export Declaration;9310.7.3;Certificate of Origin;9310.7.4;Commercial Invoice;9610.7.5;Insurance Certificate;9810.7.6;Export License;9910.7.7;Consular Invoice;9910.7.8;Inspection Certificate;9910.7.9;Phytosanitary Certificate;10010.8;The Next Step for the Ocean Carrier;10010.9;Documents Specific to Import Cargo Only;10110.9.1;Arrival Notice;10110.9.2;Pro Forma Invoice;10210.9.3;Customs Entries Forms;10210.9.4;Freight Release;10310.9.5;Delivery Order;10510.9.6;Duty Drawback;10510.9.7;Bank Draft;10510.9.8;Letter of Credit;10610.10;Business Entities in Commercial Maritime Transportation;10610.10.1;Freight Forwarders;10610.10.2;Customs Brokers;10710.10.3;Ship's Husbands/Agents;10810.10.4;Ship Managers/Operators;10810.10.5;VOCC and NVOCC;10810.10.6;P&I Clubs;10810.10.7;International Maritime Organization;10910.10.8;Classification Societies;10910.10.9;Flag States;11010.11;Summary;11111;CH$Chapter 3: International and U.S. Maritime Security Regulation and Programs;11211.1;Objectives;11211.2;Introduction;11211.3;The ISPS Code;11311.3.1;Amendments to SOLAS;13611.4;WCO's Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade;13911.5;U.S. Laws and Programs;14011.5.1;Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA);14011.5.2;Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT);14111.6;C-TPAT Security Criteria for Sea Carriers;14211.6.1;Business Partner Requirements;14311.6.2;Security Procedures;14311.6.3;Container Security;14411.6.4;Physical Access Controls;14411.6.5;Personnel Security;14511.6.6;Procedural Security;14611.6.7;Security Training and Awareness;14611.6.8;Physical Security;14611.6.9;Information Technology Security;14711.6.10;Security Assessment, Response, and Improvement;14711.7;24-Hour Advance Manifest Rule and the Container Security Initiative (CSI);14911.8;Secure Freight Initiative;15011.9;Safe Port Act of 2006;15011.10;Summary;15212;CH$Chapter 4: Vulnerabilities in the Cargo Supply Chain;15412.1;Objectives;15412.2;Introduction;15412.3;Vulnerabilities and Their Potential Impact;15512.4;Lessons Learned from the Drug War;15712.5;Recommended Security Practices at the Production/Loading Phase;15812.5.1;Manufacturer, Factory, and Plant;15812.6;Recommended Security Practices at the Export Phase;16312.6.1;Carriers and Seaports;16312.7;Recommended Security Practices at the Importation/Distribution Phase;16512.7.1;Ports of Entry and Importers;16512.8;Special Vulnerabilities in the Maritime Environment;16812.8.1;Cargo Theft;16812.8.2;Internal Conspiracies and Techniques Used to Circumvent Security;17112.8.3;Container Seals;17412.9;"Red Flags" of Possible Criminal/Terrorist Surveillance;18212.10;Summary;18313;CH$Chapter 5: Plagues of the Seas: Piracy and Stowaways;18413.1;Objectives;18413.2;Definition and Historical Beginnings;18413.3;Highlig