Ensuring Global Food Safety

Taking into account toxicity levels at normal consumption levels, intake per kg bodyweight and other acknowledged considerations, each chapter in this book will be based on one or more proven examples. It is intended to provide specific examples and potential improvements to the safety of the world's food supply, while also increasing the amount of food available to those in undernourished countries. This book is designed to to provide science-based tools for improving legislation and regulation. Reduce amount of food destroyed due to difference in regulations between nations Positively impact the time-to-market of new food products by recognizing benefit of "e;one rule that applies to all"e; Use the comparison of regulations and resulting consequences to make appropriate, fully-informed decisions Employ proven science to obtain global consensus for regulations Understand how to harmonize test protocols and analytical methods for accurate measurement and evaluation Take advantage of using a risk/benefit based approach rather than risk/avoidance to maximize regulatory decisions

Taking into account toxicity levels at normal consumption levels, intake per kg bodyweight and other acknowledged considerations, each chapter in this book will be based on one or more proven examples. It is intended to provide specific examples and potential improvements to the safety of the world's food supply, while also increasing the amount of food available to those in undernourished countries. This book is designed to to provide science-based tools for improving legislation and regulation. Reduce amount of food destroyed due to difference in regulations between nations Positively impact the time-to-market of new food products by recognizing benefit of "e;one rule that applies to all"e; Use the comparison of regulations and resulting consequences to make appropriate, fully-informed decisions Employ proven science to obtain global consensus for regulations Understand how to harmonize test protocols and analytical methods for accurate measurement and evaluation Take advantage of using a risk/benefit based approach rather than risk/avoidance to maximize regulatory decisions

1;Front Cover;12;Ensuring Global Food Safety: Exploring Global Harmonization;43;Copyright Page;54;Contents;65;Foreword;86;Preface;107;Acronyms and Abbreviations;128;Contributors;209;Chapter 1. Ensuring Global Food Safety-A Public Health Priority and a Global Responsibility;229.1;References;2510;Chapter 2. Development of Food Legislation Around the World;2610.1;2.1 INTRODUCTION;2810.2;2.2 INTERNATIONAL FOOD LAW;2910.3;2.3 INDIA;3310.4;2.4 SOUTH AFRICA;3610.5;2.5 EASTERN AFRICA;4110.6;2.6 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND;4710.7;2.7 THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA;5310.8;2.8 LATIN AMERICA;5710.9;2.9 EUROPEAN UNION;6410.10;2.10 NEAR EAST;7210.11;2.11 NORTHEAST ASIA;7410.12;2.12 CHINA;7810.13;2.13 THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION;8210.14;2.14 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS;8410.15;References;8710.16;Further reading;8911;Chapter 3. The Global Harmonization Initiative;9211.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;9211.2;3.2 DRIVERS FOR GLOBAL HARMONIZATION OF FOOD SAFETY LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS;9311.3;3.3 ADVANCES AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN HARMONIZING FOOD SAFETY POLICY;10011.4;3.4 THE GLOBAL HARMONIZATION INITIATIVE;10411.5;3.5 CONCLUSION;10911.6;References;11012;Chapter 4. A Simplified Guide to Understanding and Using Food Safety Objectives and Performance Objectives;11212.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;11212.2;4.2 GOOD PRACTICES AND HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT;11312.3;4.3 SETTING PUBLIC HEALTH GOALS-THE CONCEPT OF APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF PROTECTION;11412.4;4.4 A FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVE;11412.5;4.5 A PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE;11512.6;4.6 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVE, PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CRITERIA;11612.7;4.7 RESPONSIBILITY FOR SETTING A FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVE;11612.8;4.8 SETTING A PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE;11612.9;4.9 RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVE;11712.10;4.10 MEETING THE FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVE;11812.11;4.11 NOT ALL FOOD SAFETY OBJECTIVES ARE FEASIBLE;11812.12;4.12 CONCLUDING REMARKS;11812.13;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;11912.14;References;11912.15;Further Reading;11913;Chapter 5. Global Harmonization of Analytical Methods;12013.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;12013.2;5.2 METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING THE BASIC COMPOSITION, QUALITY, OR ECONOMIC VALUE OF FOODS;12313.3;5.3 METHODS FOR ESTABLISHING THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF FOODS;12513.4;5.4 METHODS FOR DETECTING OR CONFIRMING THE ABSENCE OF CONTAMINANTS IN FOODS;12713.5;5.5 CONCLUSION;12813.6;References;12914;Chapter 6. Water Determination in Food;13014.1;6.1 INTRODUCTION;13014.2;6.2 WATER CONTENT;13114.3;6.3 WATER DETERMINATION IN DAIRY POWDERS;13314.4;6.4 WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION BY NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY;14014.5;6.5 CONCLUSION;14314.6;References;14315;Chapter 7. Testing for Food Safety Using Competent Human Liver Cells;14615.1;7.1 ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN FOOD SAFETY AND THE EXISTING PROBLEMS;14715.2;7.2 ASSESSING GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF HUMAN DIETARY COMPONENTS USING HUMAN HEPATOMA HEPG2 CELLS;14815.3;7.3 VALIDATION OF HUMAN HEPG2 CELLS IN DETECTING KNOWN CARCINOGENS AND NON-CARCINOGENS;14815.4;7.4 ASSESSMENT OF THE GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF MYCOTOXINS IN HEPG2 CELLS;15015.5;7.5 ASSESSMENT OF THE GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC AMINES IN HEPG2 CELLS;15115.6;7.6 A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR PHASE I AND PHASE II ENZYMES BETWEEN HEPG2 CELLS AND HUMAN HEPATOCYTES;15115.7;7.7 TOXICITY STUDIES OF COMPOUNDS AND MECHANISTIC ASSAYS ON NAD(P)H, ATP, DNA CONTENTS (CELL PROLIFERATION), GLUTATHIONE DEPLETION, CALCEIN UPTAKE AND RADICAL OXYGEN...;15315.8;7.8 APPLICATION OF A HUMAN HEPG2 CELL SYSTEM TO DETECT DIETARY ANTI-GENOTOXICANTS;15415.9;7.9 THE USE OF GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGIES IN HUMAN HEPG2 CELLS;15515.10;7.10 CONCLUSION;15615.11;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;15715.12;References;15716;Chapter 8. Capacity Building: Harmonization and Achieving Food Safety;16016.1;8.1 INTRODUCTION;16016.2;8.2 CAPACITY BUILDING;16116.3;8.3 THE ROLE OF MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS IN ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY;16416.4;8.4 CONCLUSION;16816.5;References;16916