Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics

Bioelectricity (or bioelectromagnetism) relates to the study of biological electrical currents, and bioimpedance deals with the measurement of electrical conductivity. They are intimately linked to biomedical engineering, with major significance for development of novel medical devices, as well as the study of biological rhythms. This completely updated new edition remains the most comprehensive reference tool for this intricate, interdisciplinary field.The authors, both internationally recognized experts in the field, have thoroughly revised the entire text. It remains the only such work that discusses in detail dielectric and electrochemical aspects, as well as electrical engineering concepts of network theory. The highly effective, easy to follow organization has been retained, with new discussion of state-of-the-art advances in finite element analysis, endogenic sources, control theory, tissue electrical properties, and invasive measurements. There are two all new chapters on bioelectricity, along with an introduction to Geselowitz theory, the Maxwell basis of bioimpedance, and multivariate analysis as an alternative.* Increased emphasis on bioelectricity and potential clinical applications* Two all new chapters dealing with electrical properties of passive and excitable tissue* Expanded discussion of finite element modelling and a broad range of applications* Provides a complete ?all in one? reference source for a multidisciplinary, complex field* Includes many additional figures and all improved, newly drawn illustrations throughout

Bioelectricity (or bioelectromagnetism) relates to the study of biological electrical currents, and bioimpedance deals with the measurement of electrical conductivity. They are intimately linked to biomedical engineering, with major significance for development of novel medical devices, as well as the study of biological rhythms. This completely updated new edition remains the most comprehensive reference tool for this intricate, interdisciplinary field.The authors, both internationally recognized experts in the field, have thoroughly revised the entire text. It remains the only such work that discusses in detail dielectric and electrochemical aspects, as well as electrical engineering concepts of network theory. The highly effective, easy to follow organization has been retained, with new discussion of state-of-the-art advances in finite element analysis, endogenic sources, control theory, tissue electrical properties, and invasive measurements. There are two all new chapters on bioelectricity, along with an introduction to Geselowitz theory, the Maxwell basis of bioimpedance, and multivariate analysis as an alternative.* Increased emphasis on bioelectricity and potential clinical applications* Two all new chapters dealing with electrical properties of passive and excitable tissue* Expanded discussion of finite element modelling and a broad range of applications* Provides a complete ?all in one? reference source for a multidisciplinary, complex field* Includes many additional figures and all improved, newly drawn illustrations throughout

1;Cover;12;CONTENTS;63;PREFACE;104;CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION;145;CHAPTER 2 ELECTROLYTICS;205.1;2.1 Ionic and Electronic DC Conduction;205.2;2.2 The Basic Electrolytic Experiment;255.3;2.3 Bulk Electrolytic DC Conductance;285.4;2.4 Interphase Phenomena;395.5;2.5 Electrodics and AC Phenomena;545.6;Problems;686;CHAPTER 3 DIELECTRICS;706.1;3.1 Polarization in a Uniform Dielectric;716.2;3.2 The Basic Capacitor Experiment;776.3;3.3 Complex Permittivity and Immittivity;786.4;3.4 AC Polarization and Relaxation in a Uniform Dielectric;836.5;3.5 Interfacial Polarization;926.6;3.6 The Basic Membrane Experiment;986.7;3.7 The Basic Suspension Experiment;1006.8;3.8 Dispersion and Dielectric Spectroscopy;1026.9;Problems;1047;CHAPTER 4 PASSIVE TISSUE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES;1067.1;4.1 Basic Biomaterials;1067.2;4.2 Tissue and Organs;1157.3;4.3 Special Electrical Properties;1377.4;Problems;1508;CHAPTER 5 EXCITABLE TISSUE AND BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS;1528.1;5.1 Cell Polarization;1538.2;5.2 Action Potential;1568.3;5.3 The Neuron;1608.4;5.4 Axon Transmission;1648.5;5.5 Receptors;1708.6;Problems;1729;CHAPTER 6 GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS;1749.1;6.1 Volume Conductors;1759.2;6.2 Two-electrode Systems;1769.3;6.3 Sphere Sources, Ideal 3D Models;1789.4;6.4 Line Sources, Ideal 2D Models;1909.5;6.5 Signal Transfer in Tissue Volumes;1939.6;6.6 Three- and Four-electrode Impedance Systems;2049.7;6.7 Finite Element Method (FEM);2099.8;6.8 Tomography (EIT);2119.9;6.9 Duality of Dielectrics and Conductors;2169.10;Problems;21710;CHAPTER 7 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT;21810.1;7.1 General Network Theory, the Black Box;21910.2;7.2 Signals and Measurement;22610.3;7.3 Bridges, Impedance Analyzers, Lock-in Amplifiers;24910.4;7.4 Electrodes: Design and Properties;26610.5;Problems;29411;CHAPTER 8 DATA AND MODELS;29611.1;8.1 Models, Descriptive and Explanatory;29711.2;8.2 Equations and Equivalent Circuits;29911.3;8.3 Data Calculation and Presentation;33411.4;8.4 Data Analysis;33511.5;Problems;34412;CHAPTER 9 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS;34612.1;9.1 Electrocardiography;34812.2;9.2 Impedance Plethysmography;36012.3;9.3 Impedance Cardiography;36612.4;9.4 Tissue Characterization in Neurology;36812.5;9.5 EEG, ENG/ERG/EOG;36812.6;9.6 Electrogastrography;36912.7;9.7 EMG and Neurography;37012.8;9.8 Electrical Impedance Myography;37012.9;9.9 Electrotherapy;37112.10;9.10 Body Composition Analysis;37612.11;9.11 Implanted Active Thoracic Devices;38012.12;9.12 Defibrillation and Electroshock;38512.13;9.13 Electrosurgery;38712.14;9.14 Cell Suspensions;39112.15;9.15 Skin Instrumentation;40112.16;9.16 Non-medical Applications;41012.17;9.17 Electrical Safety;41113;CHAPTER 10 HISTORY OF BIOIMPEDANCE AND BIOELECTRICITY;42414;CHAPTER 11 APPENDIX;43214.1;11.1 Vectors and Scalars, Complex Numbers;43214.2;11.2 Equivalent Circuit Equations;43714.3;11.3 Global Symbols;44314.4;11.4 Physical Dimensions;44515;REFERENCES;44815.1;Recommended Books and Review Articles;44816;INDEX;47416.1;A;47416.2;B;47416.3;C;47516.4;D;47616.5;E;47716.6;F;47816.7;G;47816.8;H;47916.9;I;47916.10;J;48016.11;K;48016.12;L;48016.13;M;48016.14;N;48116.15;O;48116.16;P;48116.17;Q;48216.18;R;48216.19;S;48216.20;T;48316.21;U;48316.22;V;48316.23;W;48416.24;Z;484