Crime Reconstruction

Crime Reconstruction is a guide to the interpretation of physical evidence. It was developed to aid forensic reconstructionists with the formulation of hypotheses and conclusions that stay within the known limits of forensic evidence. The book begins with chapters on the history and ethics of crime reconstruction, and then shifts to the more applied subjects of general reconstruction methods and practice standards. It concludes with chapters on courtroom conduct and evidence admissibility, to prepare forensic reconstructionists for what awaits them when they take the witness stand. This book is a watershed collaborative effort by internationally known, qualified, and respected forensic science practitioners with generations of case experience. Forensic pioneers such as John D. DeHaan, John I. Thornton, and W. Jerry Chisum contribute chapters on arson reconstruction, trace evidence interpretation, advanced bloodstain interpretation, and reconstructionist ethics. Other chapters cover the subjects of shooting incident reconstruction, interpreting digital evidence, staged crime scenes, and examiner bias. Rarely have so many forensic giants collaborated, and never before have the natural limits of physical evidence been made so clear. This book is ideal for forensic examiners, forensic scientists, crime lab personnel, and special victim and criminal investigators. Others who will benefit from this book are law enforcement officials, forensic medical personnel, and criminal lawyers.* Contains the first practice standards ever published for the reconstruction of crime * Provides a clear ethical canon for the reconstructionist* Includes groundbreaking discussions of examiner bias and observer effects as they impact forensic evidence interpretation* Ideal for applied courses on the subject of crime reconstruction, as well as those teaching crime reconstruction theory within criminology and criminal justice programs

Crime Reconstruction is a guide to the interpretation of physical evidence. It was developed to aid forensic reconstructionists with the formulation of hypotheses and conclusions that stay within the known limits of forensic evidence. The book begins with chapters on the history and ethics of crime reconstruction, and then shifts to the more applied subjects of general reconstruction methods and practice standards. It concludes with chapters on courtroom conduct and evidence admissibility, to prepare forensic reconstructionists for what awaits them when they take the witness stand. This book is a watershed collaborative effort by internationally known, qualified, and respected forensic science practitioners with generations of case experience. Forensic pioneers such as John D. DeHaan, John I. Thornton, and W. Jerry Chisum contribute chapters on arson reconstruction, trace evidence interpretation, advanced bloodstain interpretation, and reconstructionist ethics. Other chapters cover the subjects of shooting incident reconstruction, interpreting digital evidence, staged crime scenes, and examiner bias. Rarely have so many forensic giants collaborated, and never before have the natural limits of physical evidence been made so clear. This book is ideal for forensic examiners, forensic scientists, crime lab personnel, and special victim and criminal investigators. Others who will benefit from this book are law enforcement officials, forensic medical personnel, and criminal lawyers.* Contains the first practice standards ever published for the reconstruction of crime * Provides a clear ethical canon for the reconstructionist* Includes groundbreaking discussions of examiner bias and observer effects as they impact forensic evidence interpretation* Ideal for applied courses on the subject of crime reconstruction, as well as those teaching crime reconstruction theory within criminology and criminal justice programs

1;Front cover;12;Title page;43;Copyright page;54;Table of contents;65;COVER ART DETAILS;86;PREFACE: A Holistic Approach to Crime Reconstruction;106.1;ORIGINS: THE FORENSIC GENERALIST;116.2;THE FORENSIC GENERALIST FADES;116.3;MODERN CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;166.4;HOLISTIC CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;186.5;REFERENCES;207;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;227.1;W. Jerry Chisum;227.2;Brent E. Turvey;228;ABOUT THE AUTHORS;248.1;EOGHAN CASEY, MA;248.2;W. JERRY CHISUM, BS;248.3;CRAIG M. COOLEY, MS, JD;258.4;RAYMOND J. DAVIS, BS;258.5;JOHN D. DeHAAN, PhD;258.6;DONNA KIMMEL- LAKE;268.7;BRUCE R. MORAN, BS;268.8;JOHN I. THORNTON, PhD;278.9;BRENT E. TURVEY, MS;279;1 A HISTORY OF CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;309.1;DR. JOSEPH E. BELL (1837-1911);329.2;SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE (1859-1930);349.3;DR. JOHANN (HANS) BAPTIST GUSTAV GROSS (1847-1925);459.4;DR. ALEXANDRE LACASSAGNE (1843-1924);499.5;DR. EDMOND LOCARD (1872-1966);499.6;EDWARD OSCAR HEINRICH (1881-1953);549.7;DR. PAUL L. KIRK (1902-1970);579.8;THE BROADER THEME;629.9;REFERENCES;6310;2 CRIME RECONSTRUCTION - ETHOS AND ETHICS;6610.1;FALLACIES OF LOGIC;6910.2;DELIBERATE DECEPTION;7210.3;THE FRAUD;7210.4;HASTE;7310.5;THE INEXPERIENCED;7310.6;THE HONEST CRIME RECONSTRUCTIONIST SUBJECTED TO PRESSURE;7410.7;RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON UNEVALUATED SURMISE;7510.8;A CANON OF ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR THE CRIME RECONSTRUCTIONIST;7610.9;REFERENCES;7711;3 OBSERVER EFFECTS AND EXAMINER BIAS: PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON THE FORENSIC EXAMINER;8011.1;PURPOSE;8211.2;OBSERVER EFFECTS;8311.3;"HUSHED" CONVERSATIONS AND THE THIRD RAIL;8611.4;SUBJECTIVITY AND EXPECTATION IN FORENSIC SCIENCE;8711.5;RECOMMENDATIONS TO BLUNT OBSERVER EFFECTS;10211.6;CONCLUSION;10811.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;10911.8;REFERENCES;10912;4 PRACTICE STANDARDS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF CRIME;11412.1;IS CRIME RECONSTRUCTION A SCIENCE?;11512.2;OVERSIMPLIFICATION AND OCCAM'S RAZOR;11712.3;THE POLITICS OF BIAS;12112.4;ZEALOUS ADVOCATES;12312.5;TAKING STEPS;12712.6;THINKING ABOUT THINKING;12812.7;THE SOCRATIC METHOD AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD;12912.8;INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE REASONING;13312.9;CRITICAL THINKING;13412.10;NO GOOD REASON: LOGICAL FALLACIES IN CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;13512.11;PRACTICE STANDARDS;14512.12;REFERENCES;15313;5 METHODS OF CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;15613.1;CRIME RECONSTRUCTION AND EXPERIENCE;15713.2;REASON, METHODS, AND CONFIDENCE;15913.3;EVENT ANALYSIS;16413.4;THE ROLE OF EVIDENCE: RECONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATIONS;16513.5;CREATING TIME LINES;17213.6;THE CRIME SCENE;17713.7;THE NATURE OF RECONSTRUCTION;18713.8;CRITICAL/CREATIVE THINKING EXERCISES;18713.9;ANSWERS - SORT OF;18813.10;REFERENCES;18914;6 EVIDENCE DYNAMICS;19014.1;EVIDENCE DYNAMICS;19014.2;DYNAMIC INFLUENCES: PREDISCOVERY;19114.3;DYNAMIC INFLUENCES: POSTDISCOVERY;20314.4;CHAIN OF CUSTODY/CHAIN OF EVIDENCE;21814.5;THE CASE OF JAMIE PENICH;21914.6;QUESTIONING THE EVIDENCE DYNAMICS;22314.7;CONCLUSION;22414.8;REFERENCES;22415;7 TRACE EVIDENCE IN CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;22615.1;FINGERPRINTS;23015.2;BLOOD AND SEMEN;23215.3;HAIR;23215.4;FIBERS;23315.5;PAINT;23415.6;GLASS;23415.7;SOIL;23515.8;DUST;23515.9;FOOTWEAR AND TIRE TRACKS;23615.10;GUNSHOT RESIDUE;23615.11;TOOL MARKS;23715.12;PROJECTILE WIPES;23715.13;EXPLOSIVES RESIDUE;23715.14;AUTOMOBILE LIGHT "ON-OR-OFF" DETERMINATION;23815.15;TRACE EVIDENCE TRANSFER;23815.16;TRACE EVIDENCE INTERPRETATION IN CRIME RECONSTRUCTION;24015.17;TRACE EVIDENCE AND THE FUTURE;24115.18;REFERENCES;24216;8 SHOOTING INCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION;24416.1;SHOOTING INCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION - A PROCESS;24516.2;APPLICATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD (A KEY ELEMENT IN THE RECONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS);24816.3;CONSIDERATIONS DURING DIRECT INVESTIGATION OF THE SHOOTING INCIDENT;25116.4;RECONSTRUCTION WITHOUT THE BENEFIT OF PERSONAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE ORIGINAL CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION;25316.5;THE FIREARM;25516.6;FIELD AND LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF FIRED AND UNFIRED AMMUNITION COMPONENTS;26216.7;DETECTION AND IDENTIFI