White Matter Injury in Stroke and CNS Disease

Selva Baltan, MD, PhD is an Associate Professor of Molecular Medicine at the Department of Neurosciences at the Cleveland Clinic. Her research focuses on mechanisms of brain cell damage following stroke in white matter in a region-specific and age-specific manner. Currently she is interested in the role of protein acetylation and mitochondrial dynamics in white matter stroke which has expanded her interests to neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease that involve white matter.

S. Thomas (Tom) Carmichael is a neurologist and neuroscientist in the Department of Neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. Dr. Carmichael is Professor and Vice Chair in the Department, with active laboratory and clinical interests in stroke and neurorehabilitation and how the brain repairs from injury. He received his M.D. and Ph.D. degrees from Washington University School of Medicine in 1993 and 1994, and completed a Neurology residency at Washington University School of Medicine, serving as Chief Resident in 1997-1998. Dr. Carmichael was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute postdoctoral fellow at UCLA from 1998-2001, studying mechanisms of axonal sprouting, with a clinical emphasis on neurorehabilitation and stroke. He has been on the UCLA faculty since 2001. Dr. Carmichael's laboratory studies the molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural repair after stroke and other forms of brain injury. This research focuses on the processes of axonal sprouting and neural stem cell and progenitor responses after stroke, and on neural stem cell transplantation. Dr. Carmichael is an attending physician on the Neurorehabilitation and Stroke clinical services at UCLA.

Dr. Carmichael has published important papers on stroke recovery that have defined mechanisms of plasticity and repair. These findings include the fact that the stroke produces stunned circuits that limit recovery, but can be restored to normalfunctioning with newly identified experimental drugs. His work has identified a novel brain "growth program" that is activated by stroke and leads to the formation of new connections. These studies have also identified how this growth program changes with age, and how specific molecules in the aged brain block the formation of new connections and of recovery. This and other work has led to new directions in stroke therapeutics, including therapies with stem cell and tissue engineering applications. Dr. Carmichael is in the midst of stroke stem cell development applications with the FDA and with biotechnology companies.

Dr. Carlos Matute (1956; Zaragoza, Spain) is Professor of Neuroscience at the University of País Vasco. He graduated in Sciences and got his Ph.D. degree at the University of Zaragoza. Postdoctoral states included the Brain Research Institute (Zurich, Switzerland; 1983-1986), and the Department of Psychobiology at UC Irvine (1987-1990). He has been Visiting Professor at Max-Plank Institute (Göttingen, Germany) and at Einstein College of Medicine (New York, USA).

His main research interest is the understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. Recent work carried in Dr. Matute´s laboratory has served to understand some of the mechanisms involved in neuronal cell death and to find out novel molecules with protective properties such as antioxidants. He has also been interested in the neurobiology of glial cells. He and his colleagues discovered that oligodendrocytes are highly vulnerable to excitotoxic signals mediated by glutamate and ATP receptors which can be activated during tissue damage, inflammation and other pathological conditions including ischemia and multiple sclerosis. His laboratory also worked out some of the mechanisms leading to oligodendrocyte death as a consequence of excitotoxic insults. This includes activation of several types of ionotropic glutamatereceptors and loss of glutamate ho

White matter: Basic principles of axonal organization and function.- Electrophysiology evaluation of white matter injury.- CADASIL and animal models.- Neuroimaging of White Matter Injury: A Multimodal Approach to Vascular Disease.- Diffusion MRI Biomarkers of White Matter Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury.- Mechanisms underlying the selective vulnerability of developing white matter.- Neonatal experimental white matter injury.- Focal ischemic white matter injury in experimental models.- Global ischemic white matter injury in patients.- Experimental global ischemia and white matter injury.- White Matter Injury after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.- White Matter Repair after Ischemic Injury.- White Matter Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Humans.- Neurodegenerative diseases and white matter injury in patients.- Unmyelinated and myelinated axons exhibit differential injury and treatment response following traumatic brain injury.- Age-Dependent Mechanisms Of White Matter Injury After Stroke.- White matter damage in multiple sclerosis.- Calcium dyshomeostasis in white matter injury.- Inflammation and white matter injury in animal models of ischemic stroke.- Oxidative stress in white matter injury.- Acute Axonal Injury in White Matter Stroke.- Mitochondria disorder and white matter injury.- Heave metal and white matter injury.- Anesthesia and white matter injury.