Bioremediation of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

With petroleum-related spills, explosions, and health issues in the headlines almost every day, the issue of remediation of petroleum and petroleum products is taking on increasing importance, for the survival of our environment, our planet, and our future. This book is the first of its kind to explore this difficult issue from an engineering and scientific point of view and offer solutions and reasonable courses of action. This book will guide the reader through the various methods that are used for the bioremediation of petroleum and petroleum products. The text is easy to read and includes many up-to-date and topical references. This book introduces the reader to the science and technology of biodegradation a key process in the bioremediation of petroleum and petroleum-based contaminants at spill sites. The contaminants of concern in the molecularly variable petroleum and petroleum products can be degraded under appropriate conditions. But the success of the process depends on the ability to determine the necessary conditions and establish them in the contaminated environment. Although the prime focus of the book is to determine the mechanism, extent, and efficiency of biodegradation, it is necessary to know the composition of the original petroleum or petroleum product. The laws of science dictate what can or cannot be done with petroleum and petroleum products to ensure that biodegradation (hence, bioremediation) processes are effective. The science of the composition of petroleum and petroleum products is at the core of understanding the chemistry of biodegradation and bioremediation processes. Hence, inclusion of petroleum analyses and properties along with petroleum product analyses and properties is a necessary part of this text. Bioremediation of Petroleum and Petroleum Products: Summarizes the pros and cons of remediation of petroleum and petroleum-based products, from an environmental perspective Gives examples of unethical behavior and how they should be corrected Offers arguments and elucidates engineering considerations on all sides of these difficult environmental and economic issues

With petroleum-related spills, explosions, and health issues in the headlines almost every day, the issue of remediation of petroleum and petroleum products is taking on increasing importance, for the survival of our environment, our planet, and our future. This book is the first of its kind to explore this difficult issue from an engineering and scientific point of view and offer solutions and reasonable courses of action.This book will guide the reader through the various methods that are used for the bioremediation of petroleum and petroleum products. The text is easy to read and includes many up-to-date and topical references.This book introduces the reader to the science and technology of biodegradation--a key process in the bioremediation of petroleum and petroleum-based contaminants at spill sites. The contaminants of concern in the molecularly variable petroleum and petroleum products can be degraded under appropriate conditions. But the success of the process depends on the ability to determine the necessary conditions and establish them in the contaminated environment.Although the prime focus of the book is to determine the mechanism, extent, and efficiency of biodegradation, it is necessary to know the composition of the original petroleum or petroleum product. The laws of science dictate what can or cannot be done with petroleum and petroleum products to ensure that biodegradation (hence, bioremediation) processes are effective. The science of the composition of petroleum and petroleum products is at the core of understanding the chemistry of biodegradation and bioremediation processes. Hence, inclusion of petroleum analyses and properties along with petroleum product analyses and properties is a necessary part of this text.Bioremediation of Petroleum and Petroleum Products:* Summarizes the pros and cons of remediation of petroleum and petroleum-based products, from an environmental perspective* Gives examples of unethical behavior and how they should be corrected* Offers arguments and elucidates engineering considerations on all sides of these difficult environmental and economic issues

Preface xv1. Introduction to Bioremediation 11. Introduction 12. Principles of Bioremediation 73. Bioremediation and Biodegradation 104. Mechanism of Biodegradation 155. Bioremediation Methods 226. Test Methods for Biodegradation 307. References 312. Petroleum Composition and Properties 391. Introduction 392. Composition 463. Properties 624. References 763. Refinery Products and By-Products 791. Introduction 792. Refinery Products 813. Refinery Chemicals 1064. References 1134. Composition and Properties of Gaseous Products 1151. Introduction 1152. Gaseous Products 1183. Environmental Effects 1294. Analysis 1345. References 1435. Composition and Properties of Liquid Products 1471. Introduction 1472. Naphtha 1483. Fuel Oil 1624. Wastewaters 1775. References 1806. Composition and Properties of Solid Products 1831. Introduction 1832. Residua and Asphalt 1843. Coke 1994. Sludge 2085. References 2107. Sample Collection and Preparation 2131. Introduction 2132. Petroleum Chemicals 2153. Sample Collection and Preparation 2184. Measurement 2405. Accuracy 2426. Precision 2437. Method Validation 2458. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 2529. Method Detection Limit 25610. References 2568. Analytical Methods 2591. Introduction 2592. Chemical And Physical Properties 2623. Petroleum Group Analyses 2794. Other Analytical Methods 2895. References 2989. Biodegradation of Petroleum 3051. Introduction 3052. Biodegradation of Specific Constituents 3073. Petroleum Biodegradation 3194. Application to Spills 3335. References 33910. Biodegradation of Naphtha and Gasoline 3611. Introduction 3612. Identity and Origin 3613. Remediation 3634. BTEX and MTBE 3775. References 38211. Biodegradation of Kerosene and Diesel 3851. Introduction 3852. Identity and Origin of Kerosene and Diesel 3853. Bioremediation 3894. Jet Fuel 4025. References 40412. Biodegradation of Fuel Oil 4131. Introduction 4132. Identity and Origin of Fuel Oil 4163. Biodegradation 4214. References 42713. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oil 4311. Introduction 4312. Identity and Origin of Lubricating Oil 4343. Composition and Properties of Lubricating Oil 4364. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oils 4405. Bioremediation - The Challenge 4526. Conclusion 4537. References 45314. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4631. Introduction 4632. Identity and Origin of Residua and Asphalt 4673. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4694. References 47715. Bioremediation Methods 4831. Land Ecosystems 4862. Water Ecosystems 4983. References 50716. The Future of Bioremediation 5151. Introduction 5152. Status 5173. Advantages and Disadvantages 5244. Conclusion 5265. References 528Glossary 535Conversion Factors 555Index 559