DNA Methods in Food Safety

Molecular typing of foodborne pathogens has become an indispensable tool in epidemiological studies. Thanks to these techniques, we now have a better understanding of the distribution and appearance of bacterial foodborne diseases and have a deeper knowledge of the type of food products associated with the major foodborne pathogens. Within the molecular techniques, DNA-based techniques have prospered for more than 40 years and have been incorporated in the first surveillance systems to monitor bacterial foodborne pathogens in the United States and other countries. However, DNA techniques vary widely and many microbiology laboratory personnel working with food and/or water face the dilemma of which method to incorporate. DNA Methods in Food Safety: Molecular Typing of Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens succinctly reviews more than 25 years of data on a variety of DNA typing techniques, summarizing the different mathematical models for analysis and interpretation of results, and detailing their efficacy in typing different foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria, Salmonella, among others. Section I describes the different DNA techniques used in the typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens, whilst Section II deals with the application of these techniques to type the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens. In Section II the emphasis is placed on the pathogen, and each chapter describes some of the most appropriate techniques for typing each bacterial pathogen. The techniques presented in this book are the most significant in the study of the molecular epidemiology of bacterial foodborne pathogens to date. It therefore provides a unique reference for students and professionals in the field of microbiology, food and water safety and epidemiology and molecular epidemiology.

Molecular typing of foodborne pathogens has become an indispensable tool in epidemiological studies. Thanks to these techniques, we now have a better understanding of the distribution and appearance of bacterial foodborne diseases and have a deeper knowledge of the type of food products associated with the major foodborne pathogens. Within the molecular techniques, DNA-based techniques have prospered for more than 40 years and have been incorporated in the first surveillance systems to monitor bacterial foodborne pathogens in the United States and other countries. However, DNA techniques vary widely and many microbiology laboratory personnel working with food and/or water face the dilemma of which method to incorporate.DNA Methods in Food Safety: Molecular Typing of Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens succinctly reviews more than 25 years of data on a variety of DNA typing techniques, summarizing the different mathematical models for analysis and interpretation of results, and detailing their efficacy in typing different foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria, Salmonella, among others. Section I describes the different DNA techniques used in the typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens, whilst Section II deals with the application of these techniques to type the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens. In Section II the emphasis is placed on the pathogen, and each chapter describes some of the most appropriate techniques for typing each bacterial pathogen.The techniques presented in this book are the most significant in the study of the molecular epidemiology of bacterial foodborne pathogens to date. It therefore provides a unique reference for students and professionals in the field of microbiology, food and water safety and epidemiology and molecular epidemiology.

List of Contributors viiPreface xiiiSection I Typing Method, Analysis, and Applications 11 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Subtyping Methods 3Yi Chen and Insook Son2 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and the MolecularEpidemiology of Foodborne Pathogens 27Mohana Ray and David C. Schwartz3 Multilocus Sequence Typing: An Adaptable Tool forUnderstanding the Global Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens47Stephen J. Knabel4 High-Throughput Sequencing 65Xiangyu Deng, Lee S. Katz, Patricia I. Fields, and WeiZhang5 Analysis of Typing Results 85João André Carriço and Mário Ramirez6 Databases and Internet Applications 113G. Gopinath, K. Hari, R. Jain, M. H. Kothary, K. G. Jarvis, A.A. Franco, C. J. Grim, V. Sathyamoorthy, M. K. Mammel, A. R. DattaB. A. McCardell, M. D. Solomotis, and Ben D. Tall7 The Transformation of Disease Surveillance, OutbreakDetection, and Regulatory Response by Molecular Epidemiology133David A. SweatSection II Pathogens 1638 The Genus Bacillus 165Monika Ehling-Schulz and Ute Messelhäusser9 Molecular Typing of Campylobacter jejuni 185Catherine D. Carrillo and Omar A. Oyarzabal10 DNA Typing Methods for Members of the Cronobacter Genus205Susan Joseph and Stephen Forsythe11 Molecular Subtyping Approaches for Pathogenic Clostridiumspp. Isolated from Foods 249Brian H. Raphael, Deborah F. Talkington, Carolina Lúquezand Susan E. Maslanka12 Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-ProducingEscherichia coli 275Pallavi Singh and Shannon D. Manning13 Molecular Subtyping Methods for Listeria monocytogenes: Toolsfor Tracking and Control 303Sara Lomonaco and Daniele Nucera14 Salmonella 337Aaron M. Lynne, Jing Han, and Steven L. Foley15 Vibrio cholerae 359Dong Wook KimIndex 381