Evidence-Based Orthodontics

Evidence-Based Orthodontics satisfies the educational demands of orthodontics, which demands the integration of the best research evidence with the clinician s expertise and the patient s unique values and circumstances. This land-mark text is the first to be devoted to the methodology, principles and practice of evidence-based practice in orthodontics. It aims to serve as a reference for those wishing to understand the principles of evidence-based practice including the foundation for clinical study design, epidemiology and the statistical inferences from data. The ability to define a search strategy from established databases and to identify relevant clinical and translational research in the scientific published literature requires a new approach in orthodontic education. Evidence-Based Orthodontics provides a contemporary approach to those strategies in clinical orthodontic practice. The growing ability to translate critical appraisals of evidence into clinical practice and evaluate clinical evidence for its validity and potential usefulness requires an understanding of basic elements in epidemiology and biostatistics. Evidence-Based Orthodontics provides its readers with a cogent, clear resource with which to navigate and understand this important subject area. It provides students and practitioners of orthodontics with an indispensible guide to this vital tenet of education, research, and clinical practice.

Evidence-Based Orthodontics satisfies the educationaldemands of orthodontics, which demands the integration of the bestresearch evidence with the clinician's expertise and thepatient's unique values and circumstances.
This land-mark text is the first to be devoted to themethodology, principles and practice of evidence-based practice inorthodontics. It aims to serve as a reference for those wishing tounderstand the principles of evidence-based practice including thefoundation for clinical study design, epidemiology and thestatistical inferences from data. The ability to define a searchstrategy from established databases and to identify relevantclinical and translational research in the scientific publishedliterature requires a new approach in orthodontic education. Evidence-Based Orthodontics provides a contemporary approachto those strategies in clinical orthodontic practice. The growingability to translate critical appraisals of evidence into clinicalpractice and evaluate clinical evidence for its validity andpotential usefulness requires an understanding of basic elements inepidemiology and biostatistics.

Evidence-Based Orthodontics provides its readers with acogent, clear resource with which to navigate and understand thisimportant subject area. It provides students and practitioners oforthodontics with an indispensible guide to this vital tenet ofeducation, research, and clinical practice.

Foreword vii
Gordon Guyatt

Contributor List ix

Part 1 Principles 3

Chapter 1 A Historical Perspective of Evidence-BasedOrthodontics 5
Katherine W.L. Vig

Chapter 2 Clinical Research Designs 15
Robert J. Weyant

Chapter 3 Electronic Searching for Clinical Trials Information31
Anne Littlewood

Part 2 Selected Topics 47

Chapter 4 The Treatment of Class II Malocclusion--Have Wethe Evidence to Make Decisions? 49
Kevin O'Brien and Jonathan Sandler

Chapter 5 External Root Resorption and OrthodonticTreatment--Assessment of the Evidence 63
Belinda J. Weltman

Chapter 6 Malocclusion, Orthodontic Treatment, and PeriodontalHealth--An Assessment of the Evidence 89
Anne-Marie Bollen

Chapter 7 Stability of Anterior Open Bite Correction--AnAssessment of the Evidence 97
Greg J. Huang and Geoffrey M. Greenlee

Chapter 8 Orthodontics and Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)Disorders 119
Friederike Luther and Fraser McDonald

Chapter 9 Self-Ligation 135
Padhraig S. Fleming

Chapter 10 Prevention of Demineralization During Orthodontic

Treatment with Fluoride-Containing Materials or CaseinPhosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate 149
Philip E. Benson

Chapter 11 Invisalign Therapy--A Systematic Review of LowerQuality Evidence 167
Jason M. Bressler, Stefanie Hamamoto, Gregory J. King, andAnne-Marie Bollen

Chapter 12 Retention 181
Simon J. Littlewood, Declan T. Millett, David R. Bearn, BridgetDoubleday, and Helen V. Worthington

Chapter 13 Quality of Outcome 191
Stephen Richmond and Alexei Zhurov

Chapter 14 Stability of Orthognathic Surgery 217
Donald R. Joondeph

Chapter 15 Orthodontic Treatment of the TransverseDimension--Assessment of the Evidence 233
Steven D. Marshall

Chapter 16 Class III Malocclusion--The Evidence onDiagnosis and Treatment 247
Joseph G. Ghafari, Ramzi V. Haddad, and Maria E. Saadeh

Part 3 Evidence-Based Orthodontics in Perspective 281

Chapter 17 Evidence-Based Care in Context 283
William Shaw

Chapter 18 Playing Doctor: Evidence-Based Orthodontics 293
Lysle E. Johnston, Jr.

Chapter 19 Refl ections on a Decade of Evidence-Based Dentistry301
David L. Turpin

Index 307