Computational Colour Science Using MATLAB

Stephen Westland was awarded his BSc and PhD from the University of Leeds. In 1986 he joined Courtaulds Research as a Colour Physicist before returning to academia in 1990 to work at the University of Keele. He worked as a post-doctoral researcher and lecturer in the Department of Communication and Neuroscience where he taught and researched colour measurement, human colour vision, computational imaging and image processing. In 1990 he was appointed as a Reader in Colour Imaging at the Colour Imaging Institute of the University of Derby. He was appointed as Professor of Colour Science and Technology in the School of Design at the University of Leeds in 2003 where he currently teaches and researches.
 
He has published more than 100 refereed papers in the areas of colour imaging, colour management, colour physics and colour design. He has been active in professional bodies that are concerned with colour. He is an active participant in conferences organised by the Society of Imaging Society and Technology (IS&T) and served on several organizational and technical committees. In 2008 he was awarded a Fellowship of the Society of Dyers and Colourists and the Davies Medal from the Royal Photographic Society for his research on digital colour imaging.

Computational Colour Science Using MATLAB 2nd Edition offers a practical, problem-based approach to colour physics. The book focuses on the key issues encountered in modern colour engineering, including efficient representation of colour information, Fourier analysis of reflectance spectra and advanced colorimetric computation. Emphasis is placed on the practical applications rather than the techniques themselves, with material structured around key topics. These topics include colour calibration of visual displays, computer recipe prediction and models for colour-appearance prediction.
 
Each topic is carefully introduced at three levels to aid student understanding. First, theoretical ideas and background information are discussed, then explanations of mathematical solutions follow and finally practical solutions are presented using MATLAB. The content includes:
* A compendium of equations and numerical data required by the modern colour and imaging scientist.
* Numerous examples of solutions and algorithms for a wide-range of computational problems in colour science.
* Example scripts using the MATLAB programming language.
 
This 2nd edition contains substantial new and revised material, including three innovative chapters on colour imaging, psychophysical methods, and physiological colour spaces; the MATLAB toolbox has been extended with a professional, optimized, toolbox to go alongside the current teaching toolbox; and a java toolbox has been added which will interest users who are writing web applications and/or applets or mobile phone applications.
Computational Colour Science Using MATLAB 2nd Edition is an invaluable resource for students taking courses in colour science, colour chemistry and colour physics as well as technicians and researchers working in the area. In addition, it acts a useful reference for professionals and researchers working in colour dependent industries such as textiles, paints, print & electronic imaging.
 
Review from First Edition:
"...highly recommended as a concise introduction to the practicalities of colour science..." (Color Technology, 2004)

Acknowledgements
 
About the Authors
 
1. Introduction 1
 
1.1 Preface 1
 
1.2 Why Base this Book on MATLAB? 2
 
1.3 A Brief Review of the CIE System of Colorimetry 4
 
2. Linear Algebra for Beginners 13
 
2.1 Some Basic Definitions 13
 
2.2 Solving Systems of Simultaneous Equations 14
 
2.3 Function Approximation 16
 
3. A Short Introduction to MATLAB 19
 
3.1 Matrices 19
 
3.2 Matrix Operations 21
 
3.3 Solving Linear Systems 23
 
3.4 M-Files 25
 
3.5 Using Functions in MATLAB 25
 
4. Computing CIE Tristimulus Values 27
 
4.1 Introduction 27
 
4.2 Colour-Matching Functions 28
 
4.3 Interpolation Methods 29
 
4.4 Extrapolation Methods 38
 
4.5 Correction for Spectral Bandpass 38
 
4.6 Tristimulus Values 39
 
4.7 Chromaticity Diagrams 43
 
5. CIELAB and Colour Difference 49
 
5.1 Introduction 49
 
5.2 ACIELAB and CIELUV Colour Space 50
 
5.2.1 A Representation of CIELAB Using MATLAB 56
 
5.3 CIELAB Colour Difference 60
 
5.4 Optimised Colour-Difference Formulae 64
 
5.4.1 CMC (l:c) 64
 
5.4.2 CIE 94 67
 
5.4.3 CIEDE 2000 68
 
6. Chromatic-Adaptation Transforms and Colour Appearance 75
 
6.1 Introduction 75
 
6.2 Chromatic-Adaptation Transforms (CATs) 76
 
6.2.1 A Brief History of CATs 80
 
6.2.2 CMCCAT97 80
 
6.2.3 CMCCAT2000 83
 
6.3 Colour-Appearance Models (CAMs) 86
 
6.3.1 CIECAM02 88
 
7. Physiological Colour Spaces 93
 
7.1 Introduction 93
 
7.2 Colour Vision 94
 
7.3 Cone-Excitation Space 96
 
7.4 MacLeod and Boynton Chromaticity Diagram 101
 
7.5 DKL Colour Space 106
 
8. Colour Management 119
 
8.1 The Need for Colour Management 119
 
8.1.1 Using MATLAB to Create Representations of Gamuts 121
 
8.2 RGB Colour Spaces 122
 
8.2.1 sRGB 123
 
8.2.2 Adobe RGB (1998) 125
 
8.3 The International Color Consortium 126
 
8.4 Characterisation and Calibration 127
 
8.4.1 Approaches to Characterisation 128
 
9. Display Characterisation 131
 
9.1 Introduction 131
 
9.2 Gamma 131
 
9.3 The GOG Model 132
 
9.4 Device-Independent Transformation 133
 
9.5 Example Characterisation of CRT Display 134
 
9.6 Beyond CRT Displays 140
 
10. Characterisation of Cameras 143
 
10.1 Introduction 143
 
10.2 Correction for Nonlinearity 144
 
10.3 Correction for Lack of Spatial Uniformity 146
 
10.4 Characterisation 146
 
10.5 Example Characterisation of a Digital Camera 149
 
11. Characterisation of Printers 159
 
11.1 Introduction 159
 
11.1.1 Physical Models 160
 
11.1.2 Neural Networks 161
 
11.2 Characterisation of Half-Tone Printers 162
 
11.2.1 Correction for Nonlinearity 162
 
11.2.2 Neugebauer Models 163
 
11.2.3 Example Characterisation of a Half-Tone Printer 165
 
11.3 Characterisation of Continuous-Tone Printers 169
 
11.3.1 Kubelka-Munk Models 169
 
11.3.2 Interpolation of 3D Look-Up Tables 172
 
11.3.3 General Linear and Nonlinear Transforms 173
 
11.3.4 Example Characterisation of a Half-Tone Printer 173
 
12. Multispectral Imaging 179
 
12.1 Introduction 179
 
12.2 Computational Colour Constancy and Linear Models 180
 
12.2.1 Example Using MATLAB 181
 
12.3 Properties of Reflectance Spectra 182

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